ISSN: 2534-5192 (electronic) – 2681-8566 (print)
ISSN: 2534-5192 (electronic) – 2681-8566 (print)| ◀ Noah Hermalin | ▲ Proceedings | Antonio Perri ▶ |
 ISBN: 978-2-487055-12-4 e-ISBN: 978-2-487055-13-1  Download (122.87 MB) | The Antiquity and Timeframe of the Rongorongo Script on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Gordon G. Berthin  ; Robert Schoch Download (11.21 MB)Abstract. We examine the timeline of the rongorongo} glyphic script of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) from its possible origins in the ancient indigenous rock art to artifacts collected by non-Rapanui in the 1860s and later. The demonstration of pen and ink writing by Spanish visitors to the island in 1770 may have inspired a prolific classical age of tablet inscriptions, with several large, recovered artifacts 14C (radiocarbon) dated to circa 1820s-1860s. We present a regression model based upon 14C data, tablet physical characteristics, and glyph paleography, to estimate the relative ages of seventeen larger artifacts. Recognized possible rongorongo inscriptions pre-dating or contemporaneous to 1770 are limited—perhaps due to environmental decay—to an inscription on a red scoria stone pukao} (head-covering used to adorn or complement the giant moai} statues) and an inscription on a treaty document produced and collected during the Spanish visit. Blackbirder raids (1862–1863) and disease (smallpox was spread by a repatriated Rapanui) apparently decimated those knowledgeable in the script, and thus the rongorongo instructional system collapsed, leading to the demise of the script. Nevertheless, an inscribed wooden fish sculpture, possibly dating from the early 1900s, exhibits characteristics of rongorongo composition, although not composed using classical rongorongo glyphs. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36824/2024-graf-bert
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AUTHOR = {Au, Jane},
TITLE = {He Huliko`a Kanaloa -- Seeking the Depths of Kanaloa},
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PUBLISHER = {Oxbow Books},
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PUBLISHER = {Fluxus Editions},
ADDRESS = {Brest, France},
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AUTHOR = {Biggs, Bruce},
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AUTHOR = {Kaeppler, Adrienne and Van Tilburg, Jo Anne},
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AUTHOR = {Lee, Georgia},
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PUBLISHER = {Oxbow Books},
ADDRESS = {Bloomington, Indiana},
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NUMBER = {32},
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AUTHOR = {Lee, Georgia and Horley, Paul and Bahn, Paul and Cardinali, Sonia and Nualart, Lillian and Hucke, Ninoska},
TITLE = {Secondary applications of rock art at coastal sites of Easter Island (Rapa Nui)},
JOURNAL = {Almogaren (Wien)},
YEAR = {2016},
VOLUME = {46--47},
PAGES = {157--209},
}
@ARTICLE{melka2024a,
AUTHOR = {Melka, Tomi S. and Schoch, Robert M.},
TITLE = {The `Topaze stick fragment'—a newly discovered \emph{rongorongo}-inscribed artifact collected during the Rapa Nui (Easter Island) visit of {HMS} \emph{Topaze} in 1868},
JOURNAL = {Cryptologia},
YEAR = {2024},
PAGES = {1--43},
NOTE = {Online first},
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{melka2024b,
AUTHOR = {Melka, Tomi S. and Schoch, Robert M.},
TITLE = {The Persistence of the Grapholinguistic \emph{Rongorongo} Tradition on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) during the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries},
BOOKTITLE = {Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century 2024—From Graphemes to Knowledge},
YEAR = {2024},
URL = {https://grafematik2024.sciencesconf.org/},
}
@BOOK{metraux1940,
AUTHOR = {Métraux, Alfred},
TITLE = {Ethnology of Easter Island},
SERIES = {Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin},
PUBLISHER = {Bernice P. Bishop Museum Press},
ADDRESS = {Honolulu},
YEAR = {1940},
NUMBER = {160},
}
@MISC{molle2021,
AUTHOR = {Molle, Guillaume},
TITLE = {Polynesian expansion across the Pacific (c. 700--1756)},
YEAR = {2021},
NOTE = {National Library of Australia},
URL = {https://www.library.gov.au/learn/digital-classroom/polynesian-expansion-across-pacific-c700-1756/religious-and-social},
}
@ARTICLE{morenomayar2024,
AUTHOR = {Moreno-Mayar, José and Sousa da Mota, Bárbara and Higham, Tom and Klemm, Signe and Edmunds, Moana and Stenderup, Jesper and Iraeta-Orbegozo, Miren and Laborde, Véronique and Heyer, Evelyne and Hochstetter, Francisco and Friess, Martin and Allentoft, Morten and Schroeder, Hannes and Delaneau, Olivier and Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo},
TITLE = {Ancient Rapanui genomes reveal resilience and pre-European contact with the Americas},
JOURNAL = {Nature},
YEAR = {2024},
VOLUME = {633},
PAGES = {389--397},
}
@INCOLLECTION{orliac2010,
AUTHOR = {Orliac, Catherine},
EDITOR = {Wallin, Paul and Martinsson-Wallin, Helene},
TITLE = {Botanical Identification of 200 Easter Island Wood Carvings},
BOOKTITLE = {The Gotland Papers: Selected Papers from the VII International Conference on Easter Island and the Pacific Migration, Identity, and Cultural Heritage},
PUBLISHER = {Gotland University Press},
ADDRESS = {Visby},
YEAR = {2010},
PAGES = {125--139},
}
@BOOK{orliac2008,
AUTHOR = {Orliac, Michel and Orliac, Catherine},
TITLE = {Trésors de l'Île de Pâques / Treasures of Easter Island},
PUBLISHER = {Editions D -- Frédéric Dawance / Editions Louise Leiris},
ADDRESS = {Genève / Paris},
YEAR = {2008},
}
@ARTICLE{palmer1870,
AUTHOR = {Palmer, John},
TITLE = {A visit to Easter Island, or Rapa Nui, in 1868},
JOURNAL = {Journal of the Royal Geographical Society},
YEAR = {1870},
VOLUME = {40},
PAGES = {167--81},
}
@MISC{pandey2022,
AUTHOR = {Pandey, Anshuman},
TITLE = {Revised proposal to encode the Lampung script in Unicode},
YEAR = {2022},
URL = {https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2022/22044-lampung.pdf},
}
@BOOK{poussart2010,
AUTHOR = {Poussart, Annick},
TRANSLATOR = {Martinez, Rachel and Ireland, Pamela and Knowles, Terry},
TITLE = {Easter Island. An Epic Voyage},
PUBLISHER = {Pointe-à-Callière: Montréal Museum of Archaeology and History},
YEAR = {2010},
}
@MISC{pudjiastuti,
AUTHOR = {Pudjiastuti, Titik},
TITLE = {Lampong scripts: The Writing tradition that almost disappear},
URL = {https://lingdy.aa-ken.jp/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/140227-intl-symp-and-ws_titik_pudjiastuti_paper.pdf},
}
@ARTICLE{riesenberg1960,
AUTHOR = {Riesenberg, Saul H. and Kaneshiro, Shigeru},
TITLE = {A Caroline Islands Script},
JOURNAL = {Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin},
YEAR = {1960},
VOLUME = {173},
NUMBER = {60},
PAGES = {269--333},
}
@INCOLLECTION{roggeveen1722,
AUTHOR = {Roggeveen, Jacob},
EDITOR = {Corney, B.},
TITLE = {An Extract from the official log of Mynheer Jacob Roggeveen in 1722},
BOOKTITLE = {The Voyage of Captain Don Felipe Gonzalez in the Ship of the Line San Lorenzo, with the Frigate Santa Rosalia in Company, to Easter Island 1770--1},
SERIES = {Hakluyt Society, Second Series},
PUBLISHER = {Hakluyt Society},
ADDRESS = {Cambridge},
YEAR = {1908},
YEAR = {1908},
VOLUME = {13},
}
@BOOK{routledge1919,
AUTHOR = {Routledge, Katherine},
TITLE = {The Mystery of Easter Island. The Story of an Expedition},
PUBLISHER = {Hazell, Watson and Viney},
ADDRESS = {London},
YEAR = {1919},
}
@INCOLLECTION{rull2022,
AUTHOR = {Rull, Valentí},
EDITOR = {Rull, V. and Stevenson, C.},
TITLE = {Prehistoric Paleoecology of Easter Island},
BOOKTITLE = {The Prehistory of Rapa Nui (Easter Island)},
PUBLISHER = {Springer},
ADDRESS = {Cham, Switzerland},
YEAR = {2022},
}
@ARTICLE{rull2015,
AUTHOR = {Rull, Valentí and Cañellas-Boltà, Núria and Margalef, Olga and Sáez, Alberto and Pla-Rabes, Sergi and Giralta, Santiago},
TITLE = {Late Holocene vegetation dynamics and deforestation in Rano Aroi: Implications for Easter Island's ecological and cultural history},
JOURNAL = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
YEAR = {2015},
VOLUME = {126},
PAGES = {219--226},
}
@ARTICLE{schoch2019,
AUTHOR = {Schoch, Robert M. and Melka, Tomi S.},
TITLE = {The \emph{Raŋitoki} (Rangitoki) Bark-cloth Piece: A Newly Recognized \emph{Rongorongo} Fragment from Easter Island},
JOURNAL = {Asian and African Studies (Bratislava)},
YEAR = {2019},
VOLUME = {28},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {pp.~113--148 and 413–417 (plates)},
}
@ARTICLE{schoch2020,
AUTHOR = {Schoch, Robert M. and Melka, Tomi S.},
TITLE = {The \emph{Raŋitoki} (Rangitoki) Fragment: Further Analysis of a Short \emph{Rongorongo} Sequence on Bark-cloth from Easter Island},
JOURNAL = {Asian and African Studies (Bratislava)},
YEAR = {2020},
VOLUME = {29},
NUMBER = {1},
PAGES = {pp.~26--41 and 113–118 (plates)},
}
@BOOK{schulzemaizier1926,
AUTHOR = {Schulze-Maizier, Friedrich},
TITLE = {Die Osterinsel},
PUBLISHER = {Insel},
ADDRESS = {Leipzig},
YEAR = {1926},
}
@MISC{spaelti2012,
AUTHOR = {Spaelti, Philip},
TITLE = {Kohaumotu---a site dedicated to the study of rongorongo},
YEAR = {2012},
URL = {http://kohaumotu.org/Rongorongo/tablets.html},
}
@MISC{tribestravel2012,
AUTHOR = {{Tribes Travel}},
TITLE = {The mystery of the Easter Island moai},
YEAR = {2012},
URL = {https://www.tribes.co.uk/experiences/the-moai-statues-of-easter-island},
}
@ARTICLE{wieczorek2011,
AUTHOR = {Wieczorek, Rafał},
TITLE = {The double body glyphs and paleographic chronology in the rongorongo script},
JOURNAL = {Rapa Nui Journal},
YEAR = {2011},
VOLUME = {25},
NUMBER = {2},
PAGES = {31--40},
}
@ARTICLE{wieczorek2023,
AUTHOR = {Wieczorek, Rafał and Frankiewicz, Kamil and Oskolskic, Alexei and Horley, Paul},
TITLE = {The rongorongo tablet from Berlin and the time-depth of Easter Island's writing system},
JOURNAL = {The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology},
YEAR = {2023},
VOLUME = {16},
PAGES = {1--20},
}
Gordon G. Berthin; Robert Schoch (2024), “The Antiquity and Timeframe of the Rongorongo Script on Rapa Nui (Easter Island),” in Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2024 (Yannis Haralambous, Ed.), Grapholinguistics and Its Applications, Vol. 12, Brest: Fluxus Editions, 597–632.
@INPROCEEDINGS{gla12-bert,
AUTHOR = {Gordon G. Berthin and Robert Schoch},
EDITOR = {Haralambous, Yannis},
TITLE = {{The Antiquity and Timeframe of the Rongorongo Script on Rapa Nui (Easter Island)}},
BOOKTITLE = {{Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2024}},
SERIES = {{Grapholinguistics and Its Applications}},
VOLUME = {12},
PUBLISHER = {Fluxus Editions},
ADDRESS = {Brest},
YEAR = {2024},
PAGES = {597--632},
DOI = {https://doi.org/10.36824/2024-graf-bert},
}
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