Fluxus Editions

Abstract. This research delves into a case study of applied research on typographic design, regarding the redesign of the wayfinding of France’s ophthalmology hospital’s. An experimental design was developed and run on a sample of patients from the hospital with diverse visual conditions. These fell into three groups: blurry vision (N=15), central vision loss (N=11), and peripheral vision loss (N=15), as well as a control group (N=14). The experiment tested six typeface variations, optimised for legibility with a pilot group. These varied in width and weight. The results demonstrate that larger letter widths have varying effects across different groups. These findings align with existing literature, which underscores the effects of typographic variables on readability.

References References in BIB How to cite How to cite in BIB

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@ARTICLE{arditi2004adjustable,
   AUTHOR = {Arditi, A.},
   TITLE = {Adjustable typography: An approach to enhancing low vision text accessibility},
   JOURNAL = {Ergonomics},
   YEAR = {2004},
   VOLUME = {47},
   PAGES = {469--482},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{arditi1995letter,
   AUTHOR = {Arditi, A. and Cagenello, R. and Jacobs, B.},
   TITLE = {Letter Strokewidth, Spacing and Legibility},
   BOOKTITLE = {Vision Science and Its Applications},
   YEAR = {1995},
   VOLUME = {1},
   PAGES = {324--327},
}

@ARTICLE{arditi2007letter,
   AUTHOR = {Arditi, A. and Cho, J.},
   TITLE = {Letter case and text legibility in normal and low vision},
   JOURNAL = {Vision Research},
   YEAR = {2007},
   VOLUME = {47},
   PAGES = {2499--2505},
}

@ARTICLE{beier2016designing,
   AUTHOR = {Beier, S.},
   TITLE = {Designing legible fonts for distance reading},
   YEAR = {2016},
   PAGES = {75--89},
}

@MISC{beier2019age,
   AUTHOR = {Beier, S.},
   TITLE = {Age-Related Deficits and Their Effects on Reading},
   YEAR = {2019},
   URL = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dM9JsIwhEy4},
}

@ARTICLE{beier2010design,
   AUTHOR = {Beier, S. and Larson, K.},
   TITLE = {Design improvements for frequently misrecognized letters},
   JOURNAL = {Information Design Journal},
   YEAR = {2010},
   VOLUME = {18},
}

@ARTICLE{beier2021increased,
   AUTHOR = {Beier, S. and Oderkerk, C. A. T. and Bay, B. and Larsen, M.},
   TITLE = {Increased letter spacing and greater letter width improve reading acuity in low vision readers},
   JOURNAL = {Information Design Journal},
   YEAR = {2021},
   VOLUME = {26},
   PAGES = {73--88},
}

@ARTICLE{bernard2013effect,
   AUTHOR = {Bernard, J. B. and Kumar, G. and Junge, J. and Chung, S. T. L.},
   TITLE = {The effect of letter-stroke boldness on reading speed in central and peripheral vision},
   JOURNAL = {Vision Research},
   YEAR = {2013},
   VOLUME = {84},
   PAGES = {33--42},
}

@ARTICLE{bernard2016new,
   AUTHOR = {Bernard, J.-B. and Aguilar, C. and Castet, E.},
   TITLE = {A New Font, Specifically Designed for Peripheral Vision, Improves Peripheral Letter and Word Recognition, but Not Eye-Mediated Reading Performance},
   YEAR = {2016},
}

@ARTICLE{chung2018bolder,
   AUTHOR = {Chung, S. T. L. and Bernard, J. B.},
   TITLE = {Bolder print does not increase reading speed in people with central vision loss},
   JOURNAL = {Vision Research},
   YEAR = {2018},
   VOLUME = {153},
   PAGES = {98--104},
}

@INCOLLECTION{garg2023retinal,
   AUTHOR = {Garg, A. and Tsang, S. H.},
   TITLE = {Retinal Dystrophies},
   BOOKTITLE = {Microperimetry and Multimodal Retinal Imaging},
   YEAR = {2023},
   PAGES = {137--142},
}

@ARTICLE{gary1984psychophysics,
   AUTHOR = {Gary, G. E. L. and Rubin, S. and Pelli, D. G. and Schleske, M. M.},
   TITLE = {Psychophysics of Reading --- {II}. Low Vision},
   YEAR = {1984},
}

@ARTICLE{geyer1977recognition,
   AUTHOR = {Geyer, L. R.},
   TITLE = {Recognition and confusion of the lowercase alphabet},
   JOURNAL = {Perception \& Psychophysics},
   YEAR = {1977},
   VOLUME = {22},
   PAGES = {487--490},
}

@ARTICLE{kwon2017slow,
   AUTHOR = {Kwon, M. Y. and Liu, R. and Patel, B. N. and Girkin, C.},
   TITLE = {Slow Reading in Glaucoma: Is it due to the Shrinking Visual Span in Central Vision?},
   JOURNAL = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science},
   YEAR = {2017},
   VOLUME = {58},
   PAGES = {5810},
}

@ARTICLE{mcleish2007study,
   AUTHOR = {Mcleish, E.},
   TITLE = {A study of the effect of letter spacing on the reading speed of young readers with low vision},
   JOURNAL = {British Journal of Visual Impairment},
   YEAR = {2007},
   VOLUME = {25},
   PAGES = {133--143},
}

@ARTICLE{minakata2021effect,
   AUTHOR = {Minakata, K. and Beier, S.},
   TITLE = {The effect of font width on eye movements during reading},
   JOURNAL = {Applied Ergonomics},
   YEAR = {2021},
   VOLUME = {97},
}

@ARTICLE{oderkerk2022fonts,
   AUTHOR = {Oderkerk, C. A. T. and Beier, S.},
   TITLE = {Fonts of wider letter shapes improve letter recognition in parafovea and periphery},
   JOURNAL = {Ergonomics},
   YEAR = {2022},
   VOLUME = {65},
   PAGES = {753--761},
}

@ARTICLE{sheppard2023one,
   AUTHOR = {Sheppard, S. M. and Nobles, S. L. and Palma, A. and Kajfez, S. and Jordan, M. and Crowley, K. and Beier, S.},
   TITLE = {One Font Doesn't Fit All: The Influence of Digital Text Personalization on Comprehension in Child and Adolescent Readers},
   JOURNAL = {Education Sciences},
   YEAR = {2023},
   VOLUME = {13},
}

@ARTICLE{waller2007comparing,
   AUTHOR = {Waller, R.},
   TITLE = {Comparing typefaces for airport signs},
   JOURNAL = {Information Design Journal},
   YEAR = {2007},
   VOLUME = {15},
   PAGES = {1--15},
}

Hector Mangas; Peter Biľak (2024), “Enhancing Distance Reading for Low Vision: A Reading Acuity Experiment on Letter Width,” in Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2024 (Yannis Haralambous, Ed.), Grapholinguistics and Its Applications, Vol. 12, Brest: Fluxus Editions, 709–712.


@INPROCEEDINGS{gla12-mang,
   AUTHOR = {Hector Mangas and Peter Biľak},
   EDITOR = {Haralambous, Yannis},
   TITLE = {{Enhancing Distance Reading for Low Vision: A Reading Acuity Experiment on Letter Width}},
   BOOKTITLE = {{Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2024}},
   SERIES = {{Grapholinguistics and Its Applications}},
   VOLUME = {12},
   PUBLISHER = {Fluxus Editions},
   ADDRESS = {Brest},
   YEAR = {2024},
   PAGES = {709--712},
   DOI = {https://doi.org/10.36824/2024-graf-mang},
}