ISSN: 2534-5192 (electronic) – 2681-8566 (print)


◀ S. Osterkamp & G. SchreiberProceedingsA. E. Gnanadesikan ▶



ISBN: 978-2-9570549-6-1
e-ISBN: 978-2-9570549-8-5

Download (17.11 MB)

The Interdependence Between Speech and Writing. Towards a Greater Awareness
Stefano Presutti ORCID iD icon
Download (902.91 kB)

Abstract. This paper aims to understand how and why new digital media could be useful resources for reaching a greater awareness of the complex relationship between written and oral language. The study analyses this relation during the diachronic evolutionary development of Western societies and its changing perception in Western thinking. Particularly, it examines some examples in the contemporary digitalized world. Using anthropological, historical-linguistic, and sociolinguistic points of view, it illustrates the changing interaction between these two manifestations of language over time. The findings show that the multimodality of new digital media blends the positive aspects of speech, such as the reality and truthfulness of the event, and the positive aspects of writing, such as the reliability and stability of a visual communication. Despite the perception that, in previous periods of time, speech and writing seemed in conflict with each other, today these two modalities of language are both autonomous and simultaneously strongly intertwined, and thus can be seen as two sides of the same coin.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36824/2020-graf-prea


Baron, Dennis (2009). A Better Pencil: Readers, Writers, and the Digital Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Berg, Kristian (2016). “Graphemic Analysis and the Spoken Language Bias.” In: Frontiers in Psychology 7, p. 388. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00388.

Berruto, Gaetano (1987). Sociolinguistica dell’italiano contemporaneo. Roma: Carocci.

Bidaud, Eric and Hakima Megherbi (2005). “De l’oral à l’écrit.” In: La lettre de l’enfance et de l’adolescence 61.3, pp. 19–24.

Bloomfield, Leonard (1984). Language. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Bonin, Patrick, Michel Fayol, and Ronald Peereman (1998). “Masked form priming in writing words from pictures: Evidence for direct retrieval of orthographic codes.” In: Acta Psychologica 99.3, pp. 311–328.

Bonin, Patrick, Sébastien Pacton, and Michel Fayol (2001). “La production verbale écrite: évidences en faveur d’une (relative) autonomie de l’écrit.” In: Psychologie française 46, pp. 77–88.

Boone, Annie and André Joly (1994). Dictionnaire terminologique de la systématique du langage. Paris: L’Harmattan.

Calvet, Louis-Jean (2002). Le marché aux langues. Essai de politologie linguistique sur la mondialisation. Paris: Plon.

Calvet, Louis-Jean and Alain Calvet (2013). Les confettis de Babel: diversité linguistique et politiques des langues. Le français, langue partenaire. Paris: Écriture.

Canut, Cécile (2007). Une langue sans qualité. Limoges: Lambert-Lucas.

Cardona, Giorgio R. (2009). Antropologia della scrittura. Novara: UTET De Agostini.

Chafe, Wallace and Jane Danielewicz (1987). “Properties of spoken and written language.” In: Comprehending oral and written language. Ed. by Rosalind Horowitz and S. Jay Samuels. Brill, pp. 83–113.

Clark, Herbert H. and Susan E. Brennan (1991). “Grounding in Communication.” In: Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition. Ed. by Lauren B. Resnick, M. Levine John, and Stephanie D. Teasley. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 127–149.

Derrida, Jacques (1967). De la grammatologie. Paris: Les Éditions de Minuit.

Ducrot, Oswald and Tzvetan Todorov (1979). Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences du langage d’Oswald Ducrot et Tzvetan Todorov. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.

Ellingson, Ter (2001). The myth of the Noble Savage. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Fayol, Michel (2017). L’acquisition de l’écrit. Vol. 3970. Que sais-je? Paris: Seuil.

Geschwind, Norma (1969). “Problems in the anatomical understanding of aphasia.” In: Contributions of clinical neuropsychology. Ed. by A. L. Benton. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Goody, Jack (1977). The domestication of the Savage mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Guritanu, Elena (2016). “Types d’écriture et apprentissage.” PhD thesis. Sorbonne Paris Cité.

Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood (1985). Spoken and written language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hockett, C. F. (1958). “A Course in Modern Linguistics.” In: Language Learning 8.3, pp. 73–75.

Hořejší, Vladimír (1971). “Formes parlées, formes écrites et systèmes orthographiques des langues.” In: FoL. Acta Societatis Linguisticae Europaeae 1/2, pp. 185–193.

Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1836). Über die Verschiedenheit des menschlichen Sprachbaues und ihren Einfluss auf die geistige Entwicklung des Menschengeschlechts. Berlin: Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Ineichen, Gustav (1971). “La notion de graphème.” In: Actes du XIIIe congrès international de linguistique et philologie romanes. Vol. I. Québec: Presses de l’Université Laval, pp. 149–154.

Jakobson, Roman and Morris Halle (1956). Fundamentals of language. The Hague: Mouton.

Koch, Peter and Wulf Oesterreicher (2012). In: Communicative Spaces. Bern: Peter Lang.

Lévi-Strauss, Claude (1993). Tristes tropiques. Paris: Terre Humaine Plon.

Luria, Alexander R. (1970). Traumatic aphasia: Its syndromes, psychology and treatment. Trans. M. Critchley. Vol. 5. Janua Linguarum. Oxford, England: De Gruyter Mouton.

Mbodj-Pouye, Aïssatou (2013). Le fil de l’écrit. Une anthropologie de l’alphabétisation au Mali. Sociétés, Espaces, Temps. Lyon: ENS Éditions.

Ong, Walter J. (1967). Presence of the Word. Some Prolegomena for Cultural and Religious History. New Haven: Yale University Press.

_____________ (1982). Orality and literacy: the technologizing of the word. New accents. London: Routledge.

Presutti, Stefano (2019). “L’interdépendance entre oralité et écriture: le cas de la consonne latérale palatale dans l’acquisition phonologique de l’italien langue étrangère.” PhD thesis. Université Aix-Marseille.

Pulgram, Ernst (1951). “Phoneme and Grapheme: a Parallel.” In: Word 7, pp. 15–20.

Rapp, Brenda, Lisa Benzing, and Alfonso Caramazza (1997). “The autonomy of lexical orthography.” In: Cognitive Neuropsychology 14.1, pp. 71–104.

Rapp, Brenda and Alfonso Caramazza (1997). “The modality-specific organization of grammatical categories: Evidence from impaired spoken and written sentence production.” In: Brain and Language 56.2, pp. 248–286.

Rosiello, Luigi (1966). “Grafematica, fonematica e critica testuale.” In: Lingua e stile 1, pp. 63–78.

Saussure, Ferdinand de (1916). Cours de linguistique générale. Ed. by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye. Paris: Payot.

Stubbs, Michael (1980). Language and Literacy: The Sociolinguistics of Reading and Writing. London: Routledge.

Uldall, Hans Jørgen (1944). “Speech and writing.” In: Acta linguistica IV, pp. 11–16.

Vachek, Josef (1973). Written language: general problems and problems of English. The Hague: Mouton.

Vygotskij, Lev Semënovič (1962). Thought and language. Cambridge, US: MIT Press.

Ziegler, Johannes C., Ludovic Ferrand, and Marie Montant (2004). “Visual phonology: The effects of orthographic consistency on different auditory word recognition tasks.” In: Memory & Cognition 32.5, pp. 732–741.

@BOOK{baron_better_2009,
   AUTHOR = {Baron, Dennis},
   TITLE = {A Better Pencil: Readers, Writers, and the Digital Revolution},
   PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press},
   ADDRESS = {Oxford},
   YEAR = {2009},
}

@ARTICLE{berg_graphemic_2016,
   AUTHOR = {Berg, Kristian},
   TITLE = {Graphemic Analysis and the Spoken Language Bias},
   JOURNAL = {Frontiers in Psychology},
   YEAR = {2016},
   VOLUME = {7},
   PAGES = {388},
}

@BOOK{berruto_sociolinguistica_1987,
   AUTHOR = {Berruto, Gaetano},
   TITLE = {Sociolinguistica dell'italiano contemporaneo},
   PUBLISHER = {Carocci},
   ADDRESS = {Roma},
   YEAR = {1987},
}

@ARTICLE{bidaud_oral_2005,
   AUTHOR = {Bidaud, Eric and Megherbi, Hakima},
   TITLE = {De l'oral à l'écrit},
   JOURNAL = {La lettre de l'enfance et de l'adolescence},
   YEAR = {2005},
   VOLUME = {61},
   NUMBER = {3},
   PAGES = {19--24},
}

@BOOK{bloomfield_language_1984,
   AUTHOR = {Bloomfield, Leonard},
   TITLE = {Language},
   PUBLISHER = {University of Chicago Press},
   ADDRESS = {Chicago},
   YEAR = {1984},
}

@ARTICLE{bonin_masked_1998,
   AUTHOR = {Bonin, Patrick and Fayol, Michel and Peereman, Ronald},
   TITLE = {Masked form priming in writing words from pictures: Evidence for direct retrieval of orthographic codes},
   JOURNAL = {Acta Psychologica},
   YEAR = {1998},
   VOLUME = {99},
   NUMBER = {3},
   PAGES = {311--328},
}

@ARTICLE{bonin_production_2001,
   AUTHOR = {Bonin, Patrick and Pacton, Sébastien and Fayol, Michel},
   TITLE = {La production verbale écrite: évidences en faveur d'une (relative) autonomie de l'écrit},
   JOURNAL = {Psychologie française},
   YEAR = {2001},
   NUMBER = {46},
   PAGES = {77--88},
}

@BOOK{boone_dictionnaire_1994,
   AUTHOR = {Boone, Annie and Joly, André},
   TITLE = {Dictionnaire terminologique de la systématique du langage},
   PUBLISHER = {L'Harmattan},
   ADDRESS = {Paris},
   YEAR = {1994},
}

@BOOK{calvet_marche_2002,
   AUTHOR = {Calvet, Louis-Jean},
   TITLE = {Le marché aux langues. Essai de politologie linguistique sur la mondialisation},
   PUBLISHER = {Plon},
   ADDRESS = {Paris},
   YEAR = {2002},
}

@BOOK{calvet_les_2013,
   AUTHOR = {Calvet, Louis-Jean and Calvet, Alain},
   TITLE = {Les confettis de Babel: diversité linguistique et politiques des langues},
   SERIES = {Le français, langue partenaire},
   PUBLISHER = {Écriture},
   ADDRESS = {Paris},
   YEAR = {2013},
}

@BOOK{canut_langue_2007,
   AUTHOR = {Canut, Cécile},
   TITLE = {Une langue sans qualité},
   PUBLISHER = {Lambert-Lucas},
   ADDRESS = {Limoges},
   ADDRESS = {Limoges},
   YEAR = {2007},
}

@BOOK{cardona_antropologia_2009,
   AUTHOR = {Cardona, Giorgio R.},
   TITLE = {Antropologia della scrittura},
   PUBLISHER = {{UTET} De Agostini},
   ADDRESS = {Novara},
   YEAR = {2009},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{chafe_properties_1987,
   AUTHOR = {Chafe, Wallace and Danielewicz, Jane},
   EDITOR = {Horowitz, Rosalind and Samuels, S. Jay},
   TITLE = {Properties of spoken and written language},
   BOOKTITLE = {Comprehending oral and written language},
   EDITION = {Rosalind Horowitz and S.J.~Samuels (eds.)},
   PUBLISHER = {Brill},
   YEAR = {1987},
   PAGES = {83--113},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{clark_grounding_1991,
   AUTHOR = {Clark, Herbert H. and Brennan, Susan E.},
   EDITOR = {Resnick, Lauren B. and Levine, John, M. and Teasley, Stephanie D.},
   TITLE = {Grounding in Communication},
   BOOKTITLE = {Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition},
   PUBLISHER = {American Psychological Association},
   ADDRESS = {Washington, DC},
   YEAR = {1991},
   PAGES = {127--149},
}

@BOOK{derrida_grammatologie_1967,
   AUTHOR = {Derrida, Jacques},
   TITLE = {De la grammatologie},
   PUBLISHER = {Les Éditions de Minuit},
   ADDRESS = {Paris},
   YEAR = {1967},
}

@BOOK{ducrot_dictionnaire_1979,
   AUTHOR = {Ducrot, Oswald and Todorov, Tzvetan},
   TITLE = {Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences du langage d'Oswald Ducrot et Tzvetan Todorov},
   PUBLISHER = {Éditions du Seuil},
   ADDRESS = {Paris},
   YEAR = {1979},
}

@BOOK{ellington,
   AUTHOR = {Ellingson, Ter},
   TITLE = {The myth of the Noble Savage},
   PUBLISHER = {University of California Press},
   ADDRESS = {Berkeley},
   YEAR = {2001},
}

@BOOK{fayol_lacquisition_2017,
   AUTHOR = {Fayol, Michel},
   TITLE = {L'acquisition de l'écrit},
   SERIES = {Que sais-je?},
   PUBLISHER = {Seuil},
   ADDRESS = {Paris},
   YEAR = {2017},
   VOLUME = {3970},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{geschwind_brain_1969,
   AUTHOR = {Geschwind, Norma},
   EDITOR = {Benton, A. L.},
   TITLE = {Problems in the anatomical understanding of aphasia},
   BOOKTITLE = {Contributions of clinical neuropsychology},
   PUBLISHER = {University of Chicago Press},
   ADDRESS = {Chicago},
   YEAR = {1969},
}

@BOOK{goody1977,
   AUTHOR = {Goody, Jack},
   TITLE = {The domestication of the Savage mind},
   PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press},
   ADDRESS = {Cambridge},
   YEAR = {1977},
}

@PHDTHESIS{guritanu_types_2016,
   AUTHOR = {Guritanu, Elena},
   TITLE = {Types d'écriture et apprentissage},
   SCHOOL = {Sorbonne Paris Cité},
   YEAR = {2016},
}

@BOOK{halliday_spoken_1985-2,
   AUTHOR = {Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood},
   TITLE = {Spoken and written language},
   PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press},
   ADDRESS = {Oxford},
   YEAR = {1985},
}

@ARTICLE{hockett_course_1958,
   AUTHOR = {Hockett, C.~F.},
   TITLE = {A Course in Modern Linguistics},
   JOURNAL = {Language Learning},
   YEAR = {1958},
   VOLUME = {8},
   NUMBER = {3},
   PAGES = {73--75},
}

@ARTICLE{horejsi_formes_1971,
   AUTHOR = {Hořejší, Vladimír},
   TITLE = {Formes parlées, formes écrites et systèmes orthographiques des langues},
   JOURNAL = {{FoL}. Acta Societatis Linguisticae Europaeae},
   YEAR = {1971},
   VOLUME = {1/2},
   PAGES = {185--193},
}

@BOOK{humboldt_uber_1836,
   AUTHOR = {Humboldt, Wilhelm von},
   TITLE = {Über die Verschiedenheit des menschlichen Sprachbaues und ihren Einfluss auf die geistige Entwicklung des Menschengeschlechts},
   PUBLISHER = {Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften},
   ADDRESS = {Berlin},
   YEAR = {1836},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{ineichen_notion_1971,
   AUTHOR = {Ineichen, Gustav},
   TITLE = {La notion de graphème},
   PUBLISHER = {Presses de l'Université Laval},
   ADDRESS = {Québec},
   YEAR = {1971},
   VOLUME = {I},
   PAGES = {149--154},
}

@BOOK{jakobson_fundamentals_1956,
   AUTHOR = {Jakobson, Roman and Halle, Morris},
   TITLE = {Fundamentals of language},
   PUBLISHER = {Mouton},
   ADDRESS = {The Hague},
   YEAR = {1956},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{koch_notitle_2012,
   AUTHOR = {Koch, Peter and Oesterreicher, Wulf},
   BOOKTITLE = {Communicative Spaces},
   JOURNAL = {Language of Immediacy---Language of Distance: Orality and Literacy from the Perspective of Language Theory and Linguistic History},
   PUBLISHER = {Peter Lang},
   ADDRESS = {Bern},
   YEAR = {2012},
}

@BOOK{levi-strauss_tristes_1993,
   AUTHOR = {Lévi-Strauss, Claude},
   TITLE = {Tristes tropiques},
   PUBLISHER = {Terre Humaine Plon},
   ADDRESS = {Paris},
   YEAR = {1993},
}

@BOOK{luria_traumatic_1970,
   AUTHOR = {Luria, Alexander R.},
   TITLE = {Traumatic aphasia: Its syndromes, psychology and treatment. Trans. M.~Critchley},
   SERIES = {Janua Linguarum},
   PUBLISHER = {De Gruyter Mouton},
   ADDRESS = {Oxford, England},
   YEAR = {1970},
   VOLUME = {5},
}

@BOOK{mbodj-pouye_fil_2013,
   AUTHOR = {Mbodj-Pouye, Aïssatou},
   TITLE = {Le fil de l'écrit. Une anthropologie de l'alphabétisation au Mali},
   SERIES = {Sociétés, Espaces, Temps},
   PUBLISHER = {{ENS} Éditions},
   ADDRESS = {Lyon},
   ADDRESS = {Lyon},
   YEAR = {2013},
}

@BOOK{ong_presence_1967,
   AUTHOR = {Ong, Walter J.},
   TITLE = {Presence of the Word. Some Prolegomena for Cultural and Religious History},
   PUBLISHER = {Yale University Press},
   ADDRESS = {New Haven},
   YEAR = {1967},
}

@BOOK{ong_orality_1982,
   AUTHOR = {Ong, Walter J.},
   TITLE = {Orality and literacy: the technologizing of the word},
   SERIES = {New accents},
   PUBLISHER = {Routledge},
   ADDRESS = {London},
   ADDRESS = {London},
   YEAR = {1982},
}

@PHDTHESIS{presutti_linterdependance_2019,
   AUTHOR = {Presutti, Stefano},
   TITLE = {L'interdépendance entre oralité et écriture: le cas de la consonne latérale palatale dans l'acquisition phonologique de l'italien langue étrangère},
   SCHOOL = {Université Aix-Marseille},
   YEAR = {2019},
}

@ARTICLE{pulgram_phoneme_1951,
   AUTHOR = {Pulgram, Ernst},
   TITLE = {Phoneme and Grapheme: a Parallel},
   JOURNAL = {Word},
   YEAR = {1951},
   NUMBER = {7},
   PAGES = {15--20},
}

@ARTICLE{rapp_autonomy_1997,
   AUTHOR = {Rapp, Brenda and Benzing, Lisa and Caramazza, Alfonso},
   TITLE = {The autonomy of lexical orthography},
   JOURNAL = {Cognitive Neuropsychology},
   YEAR = {1997},
   VOLUME = {14},
   NUMBER = {1},
   PAGES = {71--104},
}

@ARTICLE{rapp_modality-specific_1997,
   AUTHOR = {Rapp, Brenda and Caramazza, Alfonso},
   TITLE = {The modality-specific organization of grammatical categories: Evidence from impaired spoken and written sentence production},
   JOURNAL = {Brain and Language},
   YEAR = {1997},
   VOLUME = {56},
   NUMBER = {2},
   PAGES = {248--286},
}

@ARTICLE{rosiello_grafematica_1966,
   AUTHOR = {Rosiello, Luigi},
   TITLE = {Grafematica, fonematica e critica testuale},
   JOURNAL = {Lingua e stile},
   YEAR = {1966},
   NUMBER = {1},
   PAGES = {63--78},
}

@BOOK{saussure_cours_2005,
   AUTHOR = {Saussure, Ferdinand de},
   EDITOR = {Bally, Charles and Sechehaye, Albert},
   TITLE = {Cours de linguistique générale},
   PUBLISHER = {Payot},
   ADDRESS = {Paris},
   YEAR = {1916},
}

@BOOK{stubbs_language_1980,
   AUTHOR = {Stubbs, Michael},
   TITLE = {Language and Literacy: The Sociolinguistics of Reading and Writing},
   PUBLISHER = {Routledge},
   ADDRESS = {London},
   YEAR = {1980},
}

@ARTICLE{uldall_speech_1944,
   AUTHOR = {Uldall, Hans Jørgen},
   TITLE = {Speech and writing},
   JOURNAL = {Acta linguistica},
   YEAR = {1944},
   VOLUME = {{IV}},
   PAGES = {11--16},
}

@BOOK{vachek_written_1973,
   AUTHOR = {Vachek, Josef},
   TITLE = {Written language: general problems and problems of English},
   PUBLISHER = {Mouton},
   ADDRESS = {The Hague},
   YEAR = {1973},
}

@BOOK{vygotskij_thought_1962,
   AUTHOR = {Vygotskij, Lev Semënovič},
   TITLE = {Thought and language},
   PUBLISHER = {MIT Press},
   ADDRESS = {Cambridge, US},
   YEAR = {1962},
}

@ARTICLE{ziegler_visual_2004,
   AUTHOR = {Ziegler, Johannes C. and Ferrand, Ludovic and Montant, Marie},
   TITLE = {Visual phonology: The effects of orthographic consistency on different auditory word recognition tasks},
   JOURNAL = {Memory \& Cognition},
   YEAR = {2004},
   VOLUME = {32},
   NUMBER = {5},
   PAGES = {732--741},
}


Stefano Presutti (2020), “The Interdependence Between Speech and Writing. Towards a Greater Awareness,” in Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2020 (Yannis Haralambous, Ed.), Grapholinguistics and Its Applications, Vol. 4, Brest: Fluxus Editions, 83–101.


@INPROCEEDINGS{gla4-prea,
   AUTHOR = {Stefano Presutti},
   EDITOR = {Haralambous, Yannis},
   TITLE = {{The Interdependence Between Speech and Writing. Towards a Greater Awareness}},
   BOOKTITLE = {{Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2020}},
   SERIES = {{Grapholinguistics and Its Applications}},
   VOLUME = {4},
   PUBLISHER = {Fluxus Editions},
   ADDRESS = {Brest},
   YEAR = {2020},
   PAGES = {83--101},
   DOI = {https://doi.org/10.36824/2020-graf-prea},
}