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Old Aramaic Script in Georgia
Helen Giunashvili ORCID iD icon
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Abstract. Old Aramaic and its script are most important to the history of the Georgian culture. On the territory of contemporary Georgia, particularly in its Eastern part, being historically Iberian kingdom (4th c. BC–4th c. AD), a number of original Aramaic inscriptions are found. They are inscribed on different objects and could be dated by the period of 3rd c. BC–3rd c. AD.
The greater part of these Aramaic inscriptions is executed in a variety of the North-Mesopotamian type of Aramaic script, known as “Armazian,” one of the outgrowths of the Imperial (Official) Aramaic writing, widely used in Achaemenid Empire (550 BC–330 BC).
The whole corpus of the Aramaic inscriptions of Georgia requires systematic interdisciplinary researches, for revealing the main trends of its typological development in the light of Near Eastern-South Caucasian cultural-linguistic interference.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36824/2020-graf-giun


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@BOOK{gamkrelidze-a,
   AUTHOR = {Gamkrelidze, Thamaz},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {გამყრელიძე, თამაზ},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ka-Geor},
   EDITOR = {Shanidze, Akaki},
   EDITOR_ORIGINAL = {შანიძე, აკაკი},
   EDITOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ka-Geor},
   TITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{წერის ანბამური სისტემა და ძველი ქართული დამწერლობა. ანბანური წერის ტიპოლოგია და წარმომავლობა} [Alphabetic Writing and the the Old Georgian Script. A Typology and Provenance of Alphabetic Writing Systems]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textgeorgian{თბილისის უნივერსიტეტის გამომცემლობა} [Tbilisi Universiti Press]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textgeorgian{თბილისი} [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {1989},
}

@BOOK{gamkrelidze1994a,
   AUTHOR = {Gamkrelidze, Thamaz},
   TITLE = {Alphabetic Writing and the Old Georgian Script. A Typology and Provenance of Alphabetic Writing Systems},
   PUBLISHER = {Caravan Books, Delmar-New York},
   YEAR = {1994},
}

@ARTICLE{gershevitch-a,
   AUTHOR = {Gershevitch, Ilya},
   TITLE = {The Alloglottography of Old Persian},
   JOURNAL = {Transactions of the Philological Society},
   YEAR = {1979},
   VOLUME = {77},
   NUMBER = {1},
   PAGES = {114--190},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{grigol2008a,
   AUTHOR = {Giorgadze, Grigol},
   TITLE = {The Armazian Script},
   BOOKTITLE = {Iberia and Rome. The Excavations of the Palace at Dedoplis Gora and the Roman Influence of the Caucasian Kingdom of Iberia},
   SERIES = {Schriften des Zentrums für Archäologie und Kulturgeschichte des Schwarzmeerraumes},
   PUBLISHER = {Beier \& Beran},
   ADDRESS = {Langenweißbach},
   YEAR = {2008},
   VOLUME = {13},
   PAGES = {253--257},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{greenfield1985a,
   AUTHOR = {Greenfield, Jonas Carl},
   EDITOR = {Gershevitch, Ilya},
   TITLE = {Aramaic in the Achaemenian Empire},
   BOOKTITLE = {The Cambridge History of Iran, volume 2: The Median and Achaemenian Periods},
   YEAR = {1985},
   PAGES = {698--713},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{in2001a,
   AUTHOR = {Greenfield, Jonas Carl},
   TITLE = {Aramaic},
   BOOKTITLE = {Encyclopædia Iranica},
   PUBLISHER = {Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation},
   ADDRESS = {London-New York},
   YEAR = {2001},
   VOLUME = {II},
   PAGES = {251--252},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Gzella2011,
   AUTHOR = {Gzella, Holger},
   EDITOR = {Stefan Weninger and Geoffrey Khan and Michael P. Streck and Janet C. E. Watson},
   TITLE = {Late Imperial Aramaic},
   BOOKTITLE = {The Semitic Languages. International Handbook},
   PUBLISHER = {Walter de Gruyter},
   ADDRESS = {Berlin/Boston},
   YEAR = {2011},
   PAGES = {598--609},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{gzella2015b,
   AUTHOR = {Gzella, Holger},
   TITLE = {Aramaic in the Hellenistic and Early Roman Near East},
   BOOKTITLE = {A Cultural History of Aramaic. From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section I. The Near and Middle East},
   PUBLISHER = {Brill},
   ADDRESS = {Leiden/Boston},
   YEAR = {2015},
   VOLUME = {111},
   PAGES = {212--279},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{gzella2015,
   AUTHOR = {Gzella, Holger},
   TITLE = {Official Aramaic and the Achaemenid Chancellery},
   BOOKTITLE = {A Cultural History of Aramaic. From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section I. The Near and Middle East},
   PUBLISHER = {Brill},
   ADDRESS = {Leiden/Boston},
   YEAR = {2015},
   VOLUME = {111},
   PAGES = {157--208},
}

@BOOK{Kauchtschischwili2009,
   AUTHOR = {Kauchtschischwili, Tinatin},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {ყაუხჩიშვილი, თინათინ},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ka-Geor},
   TITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{საქართველოს ბერძნული წარწერების კორპუსი} [Korpus der Griechischen Inschriften in Georgien]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textgeorgian{ლოგოსი} [Logos]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textgeorgian{} [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {2009},
}

@ARTICLE{kutscher1970a,
   AUTHOR = {Kutscher, Edward Ychezkel and Naveh, Joseph},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {קוטשר, יחזקאל and נוה, ויוסף},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=he-Hebr;2=he-Hebr},
   TITLE = {{\‍texthebrew{הכתובת הדו-לשונית (יוונית-ארמית) םארמאזי}} [The Bilingual Inscription from Armazi]},
   JOURNAL = {{\‍texthebrew{לשוננו}} [Our Language]},
   YEAR = {1970},
   VOLUME = {34},
   PAGES = {309--313},
}

@BOOK{martirosyan,
   AUTHOR = {Martirosyan, Hrach},
   TITLE = {Iranian Personal Names in Armenian Collateral Tradition},
   SERIES = {Iranisches Personennamenbuch},
   PUBLISHER = {Austrian Academy of Sciences},
   ADDRESS = {Vienna},
   YEAR = {to appear},
}

@BOOK{Metreveli2008,
   EDITOR = {Metreveli, Roin},
   EDITOR_ORIGINAL = {მეტრეველი, როინ},
   EDITOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ka-Geor},
   TITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{ქართლის ცხოვრება} [The Life of Kartli]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textgeorgian{მერიდიანი არტანუჯი} [Meridiani Artanuji]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textgeorgian{} [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {2008},
}

@ARTICLE{naveh1970a,
   AUTHOR = {Naveh, Joseph},
   TITLE = {The Development of the Aramaic Script},
   JOURNAL = {Proceedings of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities},
   YEAR = {1970},
   VOLUME = {5},
   NUMBER = {1},
}

@ARTICLE{joseph-a,
   AUTHOR = {Naveh, Joseph},
   TITLE = {The North Mesopotamian Aramaic Script-type in the Late Parthian Period},
   JOURNAL = {Israel Oriental Studies},
   YEAR = {1972},
   VOLUME = {2},
   PAGES = {293--304},
}

@ARTICLE{oelsner1973a,
   AUTHOR = {Oelsner, Joachim},
   TITLE = {Bemerkungen zur schriftgeschichtlichen Einordnung der Inschriften aus Armazi},
   JOURNAL = {Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena. Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe},
   YEAR = {1973},
   VOLUME = {22},
   NUMBER = {3},
   PAGES = {429--438},
}

@ARTICLE{unknown-b,
   AUTHOR = {Oelsner, Joachim},
   TITLE = {Probleme der Entwicklung der aramäischen Schrift in Nordmesopotamien},
   JOURNAL = {Philologia Orientalis},
   YEAR = {1976},
   VOLUME = {4},
   PAGES = {215--223},
}

@ARTICLE{perikanyan1964a,
   AUTHOR = {Perikhanian, Anahit},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {Периханян, Анаид Георгиевна},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ru-Cyrl},
   TITLE = {\‍textrussian{Арамейская надись из Гарни} [Aramaic Inscription from Garni]},
   JOURNAL = {\‍textrussian{Историко-филологический журнал, Ереван} [Historical-Philological Journal, Erevan]},
   YEAR = {1964},
   VOLUME = {3},
   NUMBER = {26},
   PAGES = {123--138},
}

@ARTICLE{perikanyan1965,
   AUTHOR = {Perikhanian, Anahit},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {Периханян, Анаид Георгиевна},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ru-Cyrl},
   TITLE = {\‍textrussian{Арамейская надпись из Зангезура (некоторые вопросы среднеиранской диалектологии)} [Aramaic Inscription from Zangezur (Some Questions of Middle Iranian Dialectology)]},
   JOURNAL = {\‍textrussian{Историко-филологический журнал, Ереван} [Historical-Philological Journal, Erevan]},
   YEAR = {1965},
   VOLUME = {4},
   NUMBER = {31},
   PAGES = {107--128},
}

@ARTICLE{perikanyan1966a,
   AUTHOR = {Perikhanian, Anahit},
   TITLE = {Une inscription araméenne du roi Artašes trouvée à Zangézour (Siwnik`)},
   JOURNAL = {Revue des études arméniennes},
   YEAR = {1966},
   VOLUME = {3},
   PAGES = {17--29},
}

@ARTICLE{perikanyan1971b,
   AUTHOR = {Perikhanian, Anahit},
   TITLE = {Inscription araméenne gravée sur une coupe d'argent trouvée à Sissian (Arménie)},
   JOURNAL = {Revue des études arméniennes},
   YEAR = {1971},
   VOLUME = {8},
   PAGES = {5--11},
}

@ARTICLE{perikanyan1971a,
   AUTHOR = {Perikhanian, Anahit},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {Периханян, Анаид Георгиевна},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ru-Cyrl},
   TITLE = {\‍textrussian{Арамейская надпись на серебряной чаше из Сисиана} [Aramaic Inscription on a Silver Cup from Sisian]},
   JOURNAL = {\‍textrussian{Историко-филологический журнал, Ереван} [Historical-Philological Journal, Erevan]},
   YEAR = {1971},
   NUMBER = {3},
   PAGES = {78--82},
}

@BOOK{qaukhchishvili-a,
   AUTHOR = {Qaukhchishvili, Simon},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {ყაუხჩიშვილი სიმონ},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ka-Geor},
   TITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{ქართლის ცხოვრება} [The Life of Kartli]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textgeorgian{მეცნიერება} [Mecniereba]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textgeorgian{თბილისი} [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {1955},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{rubio-a,
   AUTHOR = {Rubio, Gonzalo},
   EDITOR = {Sanders, Seth L.},
   TITLE = {Writing in Another Tongue: Alloglottography in the Ancient Near East},
   BOOKTITLE = {Margins of Writing. Origins of Cultures},
   PUBLISHER = {McNaughton \& Gunn},
   ADDRESS = {Saline, MI},
   YEAR = {2006},
   PAGES = {33--66},
}

@ARTICLE{shaked2006a,
   AUTHOR = {Shaked, Shaul},
   TITLE = {Notes on Some Jewish Aramaic Inscriptions from Georgia},
   JOURNAL = {Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam},
   YEAR = {2006},
   VOLUME = {32},
   PAGES = {503--10},
}

@ARTICLE{skjaervo1995a,
   AUTHOR = {Skjaervø, Prods Oktor},
   TITLE = {Aramaic in Iran},
   JOURNAL = {Aram},
   YEAR = {1995},
   VOLUME = {7},
   PAGES = {283--318},
}

@BOOK{smirnov1909,
   AUTHOR = {Smirnov, Ya. I.},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {Я. И. Смирнов},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ru-Cyrl},
   TITLE = {\‍textrussian{Восточное серебро. Атласъ древней серебряной и золотой посуды восточнаго происхождениія, найденной преимущественно въ предѣлахъ Россійской Имперіи} [Oriental Silver. Atlas of ancient silver and gold dishes of oriental origin, found mainly within the Russian Empire]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textrussian{Изданіе Имп. Археологической Коммиссіи} [Imperial Archaeological Commission]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textrussian{С.-Петербургъ} [St. Petersburg]},
   YEAR = {1909},
}

@BOOK{tsereteli1941a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, George},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {Церетели, Георгий Васильевич},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ru-Cyrl},
   TITLE = {\‍textrussian{Армазская билингва} [Armazi Bilingual]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textrussian{Издательство АН Грузинской ССР} [Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of Georgian SSR]},
   ADDRESS = {Тбилиси [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {1941},
}

@BOOK{tsereteli1942a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, George},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {წერეთელი, გიორგი},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ka-Geor},
   TITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{არმაზის ბილინგვა} [A Bilingual Inscription from Armazi Near Mcheta in Georgia]},
   SERIES = {\‍textgeorgian{ნ.მარის სახელობის ენის, ისტორიის და მატერიალური კულტურის ინსტიტუტის მოამბე} [The Bulletin of the Marr Institute of Language, History and Material Culture]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textgeorgian{საქართველოს სსრ მეცნიერებათა აკადემიის გამომცემლობა} [Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of Georgian SSR]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textgeorgian{თბილისი} [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {1942},
   VOLUME = {13},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{tsereteli1948b,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, George},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {Церетели, Георгий Васильевич},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ru-Cyrl},
   TITLE = {\‍textrussian{Армазское письмо и пробема происхождения грузинского алфавита. I} [Armazian Script and the Problem of the Origin of the Georgian Alphabet”. I]},
   BOOKTITLE = {\‍textrussian{Эпиграфика Востока II} [Epigraphy of the East II]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textrussian{Издательство академии наук СССР} [Academy of Sciences of the USSR]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textrussian{Москва/Ленинград} [Moscow/Leningrad]},
   YEAR = {1948},
   PAGES = {90--101},
}

@ARTICLE{tsereteli1948a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, George},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {Церетели, Георгий Васильевич},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ru-Cyrl},
   TITLE = {\‍textrussian{Эпиграфические находки в Мцхета---древней столице Грузии} [Epigraphic Discoveries in Mtskheta---the Ancient Capital of Georgia]},
   JOURNAL = {\‍textrussian{Вестник Древней Истории} [Bulletin of Ancient History]},
   YEAR = {1948},
   VOLUME = {2},
   NUMBER = {24},
   PAGES = {49--57},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{tsereteli1949,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, George},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {Церетели, Георгий Васильевич},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ru-Cyrl},
   TITLE = {\‍textrussian{Армазское письмо и пробема происхождения грузинского алфавита. II} [Armazian Script and the Problem of the Origin of the Georgian Alphabet”. II]},
   BOOKTITLE = {\‍textrussian{Эпиграфика Востока III} [Epigraphy of the East III]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textrussian{Издательство академии наук СССР} [Academy of Sciences of the USSR]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textrussian{Москва/Ленинград} [Moscow/Leningrad]},
   YEAR = {1949},
   PAGES = {59--71},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{tsereteli1960,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, George},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {Церетели, Георгий Васильевич},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ru-Cyrl},
   TITLE = {\‍textrussian{Древнейшие грузинские надписи из Палестины} [The Most Ancient Georgian Inscriptions from Palestine]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textrussian{Издательство академии наук Груз. ССР} [Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textrussian{Тбилиси} [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {1960},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{tsereteli1962a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, George},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {Церетели, Георгий Васильевич},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ru-Cyrl},
   TITLE = {\‍textrussian{Армaзская надпись эпохи Митридата Иверийского} [The Armazi Inscription of the Period of Mithridate the Iberian]},
   BOOKTITLE = {\‍textrussian{Труды 25-го Международного конгресса востоковедов} [Proceedings of the XXV International Congress of Orientalists]},
   ADDRESS = {Москва [Moscow]},
   YEAR = {1962},
   PAGES = {374--378},
}

@ARTICLE{tsereteli1974a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, George},
   TITLE = {The Achaemenid State and World Civilization},
   JOURNAL = {Acta Iranica},
   YEAR = {1974},
   VOLUME = {1},
   PAGES = {102--107},
}

@BOOK{tsereteli1986a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, George},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {წერეთელი/Церетели, გიორგი/Георгий},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ka-Geor},
   TITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{ბიობიბლიოგრაფია}~/ Биобиблиография [Biobibliography]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textgeorgian{მეცნიერება}~/ Мецниереба [Mecniereba]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textgeorgian{თბილისი}~/ Тбилиси [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {1986},
   URL = {http://science.org.ge/old/members/BioBibliografia/Wereteli\%20Giorgi.pdf},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{tsereteli1976a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, Konstantin},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {კონსტანტინე, წერეთელი},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ka-Geor},
   TITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{სირიელისა და ასურელის აღმნიშვნელი ტერმინები ქართულში} [Ethnic Terms denoting “Syrian” and “Assyrian” in Old Georgian]},
   BOOKTITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{ივანე ჯავახიშვილის დაბადების 100 წლისადმი მიძღვნილი საიუბილეო კრებული} [Volume of articles dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Academic Ivane Javakhishvili]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textgeorgian{მეცნიერება} [Mecniereba]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textgeorgian{თბილისი} [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {1976},
   PAGES = {177--188},
}

@BOOK{tsereteli1992a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, Konstantin},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {კონსტანტინე, წერეთელი},
   AUTHOR_ORIGINAL+AN = {1=ka-Geor},
   TITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{შენიშვნები არმაზის ბილინგვის ტექსტზე} [Notes on the Text of Armazi Bilingual]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textgeorgian{მეცნიერება} [Mecniereba]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textgeorgian{თბილისი} [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {1992},
}

@ARTICLE{tsereteli1993,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, Konstantin},
   TITLE = {The Oldest Armazian Inscription in Georgia},
   JOURNAL = {Die Welt des Orients},
   YEAR = {1993},
   VOLUME = {24},
   PAGES = {85--88},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{tsereteli1994a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, Konstantin},
   TITLE = {Aramaic Language in Georgia},
   BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Eleventh World Congress of Jewish Studies, Division D},
   PUBLISHER = {Magnes Press},
   ADDRESS = {Jerusalem},
   YEAR = {1994},
   VOLUME = {I},
   PAGES = {9--16},
}

@ARTICLE{tsereteli1996a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, Konstantin},
   TITLE = {An Aramaic Amulet from Mtskheta},
   JOURNAL = {Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia},
   YEAR = {1996},
   VOLUME = {3},
   NUMBER = {2--3},
   PAGES = {218--240},
}

@ARTICLE{tsereteli1998b,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, Konstantin},
   TITLE = {Epitaph des Jehuda Gurk},
   JOURNAL = {Georgica},
   YEAR = {1998},
   VOLUME = {21},
   PAGES = {74--78},
   ADDENDUM = {The author's name is spelled “Zereteli”},
}

@ARTICLE{tsereteli1998a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, Konstantin},
   TITLE = {Les inscriptions araméennes de Géorgie},
   JOURNAL = {Semitica},
   YEAR = {1998},
   VOLUME = {48},
   PAGES = {75--78},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{tsereteli2001d,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, Konstantin},
   TITLE = {Armazian Script},
   BOOKTITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{სემიტოლოგიური და ქართველოლოგიური შტუდიები} [Semitological and Kartvelological Studies]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textgeorgian{ლოგოსი} [Logos]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textgeorgian{თბილისი} [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {2001},
   PAGES = {419--427},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{zereteli2001a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, Konstantin},
   TITLE = {Die alte aramäische Inschrift aus Georgien},
   BOOKTITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{სემიტოლოგიური და ქართველოლოგიური შტუდიები} [Semitological and Kartvelological Studies]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textgeorgian{ლოგოსი} [Logos]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textgeorgian{თბილისი} [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {2001},
   PAGES = {385--392},
   ADDENDUM = {The author's name is spelled “Zereteli”},
   NOTE = {first published in mph{Brücken, Festgabe für Gert Hummel zum 60.\ Geburtstag}, Tbilissi, 1993},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{tsereteli2001b,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, Konstantin},
   TITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{ორი მცირე არამეული წარწერა დედოფლის გორიდან} [Two Short Aramaic Inscriptions from Dedoplis Gora]},
   BOOKTITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{სემიტოლოგიური და ქართველოლოგიური შტუდიები} [Semitological and Kartvelological Studies]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textgeorgian{ლოგოსი} [Logos]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textgeorgian{თბილისი} [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {2001},
   PAGES = {381--384},
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{tsereteli2001a,
   AUTHOR = {Tsereteli, Konstantin},
   TITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{უფლისციხის არამეული წარწერები} [Aramaic Inscriptions from Uplistsikhe]},
   BOOKTITLE = {\‍textgeorgian{სემიტოლოგიური და ქართველოლოგიური შტუდიები} [Semitological and Kartvelological Studies]},
   PUBLISHER = {\‍textgeorgian{ლოგოსი} [Logos]},
   ADDRESS = {\‍textgeorgian{თბილისი} [Tbilisi]},
   YEAR = {2001},
   PAGES = {343--363},
}


Helen Giunashvili (2020), “Old Aramaic Script in Georgia,” in Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2020 (Yannis Haralambous, Ed.), Grapholinguistics and Its Applications, Vol. 5, Brest: Fluxus Editions, 787–804.


@INPROCEEDINGS{gla5-giun,
   AUTHOR = {Helen Giunashvili},
   EDITOR = {Haralambous, Yannis},
   TITLE = {{Old Aramaic Script in Georgia}},
   BOOKTITLE = {{Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2020}},
   SERIES = {{Grapholinguistics and Its Applications}},
   VOLUME = {5},
   PUBLISHER = {Fluxus Editions},
   ADDRESS = {Brest},
   YEAR = {2020},
   PAGES = {787--804},
   DOI = {https://doi.org/10.36824/2020-graf-giun},
}