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A “Sacred Amulet from Easter Island—1885/6—”. Analyzing Enigmatic Glyphic Characters in the Context of the rongorongo Script Robert M. Schoch & Tomi S. Melka Download (20.85 MB) Abstract. A newly discovered artifact known as the “Sacred Amulet from Easter Island” (“EISA”) displaying a limited number of rongorongo-like signs is brought to the attention of rongorongo (RR) scholars and other interested readers. Unfortunately, the names of the original Rapanui creator of the artifact, and its first European collector, have not come down to us; however, according to an old label attached to the object, it was collected in 1885 or 1886. Initial probability estimates of this odd-looking piece suggest a custom-built “lunar-based calendar,” possibly designed for propitiatory and/or divination ends. Given the re-occurrence of the “full moon” glyph /152/ on this artifact—among other glyphs—, the best way to evaluate its function and its general meaning is by comparison with the apparent “Lunar Calendar” (Ca6—Ca9 [= Cr6—Cr9]) on tablet “Mamari” ( [barthel1958a]; [guy1990a]). Although there is no exact match, the partial overlap between the “Lunar Calendar” on “Mamari” and the “Sacred Amulet from Easter Island” is of interest, and requires proper documentation. The fact that the “amulet” may post-date the year 1864—the chronological boundary marking the arrival of Christianity to Easter Island and the generally presumed “end” of the classical RR scribal tradition—does not diminish its status as a carrier of rongorongo signs. “EISA,” evidently, cannot be equated with the pre-missionary extended texts appearing on various skillfully carved RR objects; yet, it may be an item for possible inclusion in a special sub-corpus dealing with the post-missionary pieces. As a corollary, we conclude that in the light of past and current RR research, hypotheses should not go by unquestioned and should be critically assessed within the available evidence. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36824/2020-graf-scho References References in BIB How to cite How to cite in BIB Äkerblom, Kjell (1968). Astronomy and Navigation in Polynesia and Micronesia. Vol. 14. Monograph Series. Stockholm: Etnografiska Museet. Albright, Daniele (2000). Untwisting the Serpent: Modernism in Music, Literature and Other Arts. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Anonymous (2005a). “CEIPP [Cercle d’Études sur l’Ile de Pâques et la Polynésie].” In: The Rongorongo of Easter Island. 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Item C: The Mamari Tablet}, YEAR = {2005}, URL = {http://kohaumotu.org/rongorongo_org/corpus/mamari.html}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{unknown2005b, AUTHOR = {Anonymous}, TITLE = {{CEIPP [Cercle d'Études sur l'Ile de Pâques et la Polynésie]}}, BOOKTITLE = {The Rongorongo of Easter Island: The Lunar Calendar on Tablet C (Mamari)}, YEAR = {2005}, URL = {http://kohaumotu.org/rongorongo_org/rosetta/lunar.html}, } @BOOK{austin1962a, AUTHOR = {Austin, John Langshaw}, TITLE = {How to Do Things with Words}, PUBLISHER = {Clarendon Press}, ADDRESS = {Oxford}, YEAR = {1962}, } @UNPUBLISHED{fuentealba2007a, AUTHOR = {Ávila Fuentealba, Franklin}, TITLE = {Ensayo de Estudio Visual de las Tablillas Roŋoroŋo}, ADDRESS = {Temuco, Chile}, YEAR = {2007}, URL = {http://www.serindigena.org/archivosdigitales/otros/ensayo_rongorongo_de_tocariov.pdf}, } @ARTICLE{ayres1979a, AUTHOR = {Ayres, William S.}, TITLE = {Easter Island Fishing}, JOURNAL = {Asian Perspectives}, YEAR = {1979}, VOLUME = {22}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {61--92}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{ayres2000a, AUTHOR = {Ayres, William S. and Saleeby, Becky and Levy, Candace B.}, EDITOR = {Stevenson, Christopher M. and Ayers, William S.}, TITLE = {Late Prehistoric-Early Historic Easter Island Subsistence Patterns}, BOOKTITLE = {Easter Island Archaeology: Research on Early Rapanui Culture}, PUBLISHER = {The Easter Island Foundation / Bearsville Press}, ADDRESS = {Los Osos, California}, YEAR = {2000}, PAGES = {191--204}, } @BOOK{baayen2001a, AUTHOR = {Baayen, Harald R.}, EDITOR = {Ide, Nancy and Véronis, Jean}, TITLE = {Word Frequency Distributions}, SERIES = {Text, Speech and Language Technology}, PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}, YEAR = {2001}, VOLUME = {18}, } @ARTICLE{balfour1917, AUTHOR = {Balfour, Henry}, TITLE = {Some Ethnological Suggestions in regard to Easter Island, or Rapanui}, JOURNAL = {Folklore}, YEAR = {1917}, VOLUME = {28}, NUMBER = {4}, PAGES = {356--381}, } @BOOK{bantock2000a, AUTHOR = {Bantock, Nick}, TITLE = {The Artful Dodger: Images and Reflections}, PUBLISHER = {Chronicle Books}, ADDRESS = {San Francisco}, YEAR = {2000}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{baroni2006a, AUTHOR = {Baroni, Marco}, EDITOR = {Baroni, Marco and Evert, Stephan}, TITLE = {Distributions in Text}, BOOKTITLE = {Counting Words: An Introduction to Lexical Statistics. Introductory Course, Language and Computation Section. The 18th European Summer School in Logic, Language, and Information, 31 July–11 August, 2006– Málaga, Spain (ESSLLI 2006)}, YEAR = {2006}, PAGES = {1--22}, URL = {http://sslmit.unibo.it/}, } @BOOK{barthel1958a, AUTHOR = {Barthel, Thomas S.}, TITLE = {Grundlagen zur Entzifferung der Osterinselschrift}, SERIES = {Reihe B. Völkerkunde, Kulturgeschichte und Sprachen}, PUBLISHER = {Cram, de Gruyter \& Co}, ADDRESS = {Hamburg}, YEAR = {1958}, VOLUME = {36}, } @ARTICLE{barthel1963a, AUTHOR = {Barthel, Thomas S.}, TITLE = {mph{Rongorongo}-Studien (Forschungen und Fortschritte bei der weiteren Entzifferung der Osterinselschrift)}, JOURNAL = {Anthropos}, YEAR = {1963}, VOLUME = {58}, NUMBER = {3--4}, PAGES = {372--436}, } @ARTICLE{barthel1972a, AUTHOR = {Barthel, Thomas S.}, TITLE = {Zur Frage der lunaren Zeichen in der Osterinselschrift}, JOURNAL = {Asian and African Studies}, YEAR = {1972}, VOLUME = {8}, PAGES = {9--18}, } @BOOK{barthel1978a, AUTHOR = {Barthel, Thomas S.}, TRANSLATOR = {Martin, Anneliese}, TITLE = {The Eighth Land: The Polynesian Discovery and Settlement of Easter Island}, PUBLISHER = {The University Press of Hawai`i}, ADDRESS = {Honolulu}, YEAR = {1978}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{barthel1993a, AUTHOR = {Barthel, Thomas S.}, EDITOR = {Fischer, Steven R.}, TITLE = {Perspectives and Directions of the Classical Rapanui Script}, BOOKTITLE = {Easter Island Studies. Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T.~Mulloy}, SERIES = {Oxbow Monographs}, PUBLISHER = {Oxbow Books}, ADDRESS = {Oxford, UK}, YEAR = {1993}, VOLUME = {32}, PAGES = {174--176}, } @BOOK{campbell1971a, AUTHOR = {Batista Campbell, Ramón}, TITLE = {La Herencia Musical de Rapanui: Etnomusicología de la Isla de Pascua [The Musical Legacy of Rapanui: Ethnomusicology of Easter Island]}, PUBLISHER = {Editorial Andrés Bello}, ADDRESS = {Santiago de Chile}, YEAR = {1971}, } @BOOK{beasley1928a, AUTHOR = {Beasley, Harry Geoffrey}, TITLE = {Pacific Island Records: Fish Hooks}, PUBLISHER = {Seeley, Service \& Co}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {1928}, } @BOOK{belknap2004a, AUTHOR = {Belknap, Robert E.}, TITLE = {The List: The Uses and Pleasures of Cataloguing}, PUBLISHER = {Yale University Press.}, ADDRESS = {New Haven, London}, YEAR = {2004}, } @BOOK{avil2008a, AUTHOR = {Belmonte Avilés, Juan Antonio}, TITLE = {Tiempo y Religión: Una Historia Sagrada del Calendario [Time and Religion: A Sacred History of the Calendar]}, SERIES = {Colección Religiones y Textos. Biblioteca de las Religiones}, PUBLISHER = {Ediciones Clásicas • Ediciones Del Orto}, ADDRESS = {Madrid}, YEAR = {2008}, VOLUME = {22}, } @ARTICLE{berthin2006a, AUTHOR = {Berthin, Gordon and Berthin, Michael}, TITLE = {Astronomical Utility and Poetic Metaphor in the Rongorongo Lunar Calendar}, JOURNAL = {Applied Semiotics / Sémiotique appliquée}, YEAR = {2006}, VOLUME = {18}, NUMBER = {12}, PAGES = {85--99}, } @ARTICLE{bianco1976a, AUTHOR = {Bianco, Jean}, TITLE = {Thomas Barthel et le déchiffrement de l'écriture pascuane (1\up{re} partie)}, JOURNAL = {Kadath}, YEAR = {1976}, VOLUME = {20}, PAGES = {13--21}, } @ARTICLE{biber1993a, AUTHOR = {Biber, Douglas}, TITLE = {Representativeness in Corpus Design}, JOURNAL = {Literary and Linguistic Computing}, YEAR = {1993}, VOLUME = {8}, NUMBER = {4}, PAGES = {243--257}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{bodel2006a, AUTHOR = {Bodel, John}, EDITOR = {Bodel, John}, TITLE = {Epigraphy and the Ancient Historian}, BOOKTITLE = {Epigraphic Evidence: Ancient History from Inscriptions}, PUBLISHER = {Routledge}, ADDRESS = {London \& New York}, YEAR = {2006}, PAGES = {1--56}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{boone2009a, AUTHOR = {Boone, Elizabeth Hill}, EDITOR = {Elizabeth Cropper}, TITLE = {When Art is Writing and Writing, Art: Graphic Communication in Preconquest Mexico}, BOOKTITLE = {Dialogues in Art History, from Mesopotamian to Modern: Readings for a New Century}, SERIES = {Studies in the History of Art}, PUBLISHER = {National Gallery of Art, Washington}, ADDRESS = {New Haven and London}, YEAR = {2009}, VOLUME = {74}, PAGES = {57--73}, } @UNPUBLISHED{brookman2007a, AUTHOR = {Brookman, David Y.}, TITLE = {Easter Island Home Page. Easter Island's Rongorongo Script}, YEAR = {2007}, NOTE = {see \url{https://web.archive.org/web/20070830125104/http://www.netaxs.com/~trance/mamari.html} (accessed 29 May 2020) and \url{https://web.archive.org/web/20070810225655/http://www.netaxs.com/~trance/rapanui.html} (accessed 29 May 2020)}, URL = {http://www.netaxs.com}, } @BOOK{brown1979a, AUTHOR = {Brown, John Macmillan}, TITLE = {The Riddle of the Pacific}, PUBLISHER = {AMS}, ADDRESS = {New York}, YEAR = {1979}, NOTE = {Reprint of the 1924 edition. Adelphi Terrace, London: T.~Fisher Unwin Ltd}, } @BOOK{buck1938a, AUTHOR = {Buck, Peter H. [Te Rangi Hiroa]}, TITLE = {Vikings of the Sunrise}, PUBLISHER = {Frederick A.~Stokes}, ADDRESS = {New York}, YEAR = {1938}, } @ARTICLE{butinov1957a, AUTHOR = {Butinov, Nikolai A. and Knorozov, Yuri V.}, TITLE = {Preliminary Report on the Study of the Written Language of Easter Island}, JOURNAL = {Journal of the Polynesian Society}, YEAR = {1957}, VOLUME = {66}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {5--17}, } @ARTICLE{carreau2010a, AUTHOR = {Carreau, Lucie}, TITLE = {Becoming `Professional': From the Beasley Collection to the Cranmore Ethnographical Museum}, JOURNAL = {Journal of Museum Ethnography}, YEAR = {2010}, VOLUME = {23}, PAGES = {41--55}, } @BOOK{chadwick2000a, AUTHOR = {Chadwick, John}, TITLE = {The Decipherment of Linear~B}, PUBLISHER = {The Press Syndicate of the Cambridge University}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge}, YEAR = {2000}, } @BOOK{chauvet1935, AUTHOR = {Chauvet, Stéphen-Charles}, TITLE = {L'Île de Pâques et Ses Mystères}, PUBLISHER = {TEL}, ADDRESS = {Paris}, YEAR = {1935}, NOTE = {Trans. by Ann M. Altman. Ed. by Shawn McLaughlin (2005)}, URL = {http://www.chauvet-translation.com/index.htm}, } @BOOK{churchill1912a, AUTHOR = {Churchill, William}, TITLE = {The Rapanui Speech and the Peopling of Southeast Polynesia, Publication No. 174}, PUBLISHER = {The Carnegie Institution of Washington}, ADDRESS = {Washington}, YEAR = {1912}, } @BOOK{coe1997a, AUTHOR = {Coe, Michael and Kerr, Justin}, TITLE = {The Art of the Maya Scribe}, PUBLISHER = {Thames and Hudson}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {1997}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{cooke1899a, AUTHOR = {Cooke, George H.}, TITLE = {Te Pito te Henua, known as Rapa-Nui, commonly called Easter Island, South Pacific Ocean}, BOOKTITLE = {Annual Reports of the Smithsonian Institution for 1897}, PUBLISHER = {Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum}, ADDRESS = {Washington}, YEAR = {1899}, PAGES = {689--723}, } @BOOK{corliss2005a, AUTHOR = {Corliss, William R.}, TITLE = {Archaeological Anomalies: Graphic Artifacts I Coins, Calendars, Geoforms, Maps, Quipus}, PUBLISHER = {The Sourcebook Project}, ADDRESS = {Glen Arm, MD}, YEAR = {2005}, } @BOOK{craig2004a, AUTHOR = {Craig, Robert D.}, TITLE = {Handbook of Polynesian Mythology}, PUBLISHER = {ABC–CLIO, Inc}, ADDRESS = {Santa Barbara, California}, YEAR = {2004}, } @ARTICLE{dalton1904a, AUTHOR = {Dalton, Ormonde Maddock}, TITLE = {On an Inscribed Wooden Tablet from Easter Island (Rapa Nui) in the British Museum}, JOURNAL = {Man}, YEAR = {1904}, VOLUME = {4}, PAGES = {1--7}, } @BOOK{damerow1996a, AUTHOR = {Damerow, Peter}, TRANSLATOR = {Hanauer, Renate}, TITLE = {Abstraction and Representation: Essays on the Cultural Evolution of Thinking}, PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, ADDRESS = {Dordrecht, The Netherlands}, YEAR = {1996}, } @BOOK{daniels1996a, EDITOR = {Daniels, Peter T. and Bright, William}, TITLE = {The World's Writing Systems}, PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press}, ADDRESS = {New York and Oxford}, YEAR = {1996}, } @ARTICLE{davis2007a, AUTHOR = {Davis, Tom}, TITLE = {The Practice of Handwriting Identification}, JOURNAL = {The Library: The Transactions of the Bibliographical Society}, YEAR = {2007}, VOLUME = {8}, NUMBER = {3}, PAGES = {251--276}, } @BOOK{de2009a, AUTHOR = {de~Laat, M.}, TITLE = {Words out of Wood: Proposals for the Decipherment of the Easter Island Script}, PUBLISHER = {Eburon Academic}, ADDRESS = {Delft, The Netherlands}, YEAR = {2009}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{dederen1993a, AUTHOR = {Dederen, François and Fischer, Steven R.}, EDITOR = {Fischer, Steven R.}, TITLE = {The Traditional Production of the Rapanui Tablets}, BOOKTITLE = {Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T.~Mulloy}, SERIES = {Oxbow Monographs}, PUBLISHER = {Oxbow Books}, ADDRESS = {Oxford, UK}, YEAR = {1993}, VOLUME = {32}, } @BOOK{defrancis1989a, AUTHOR = {DeFrancis, John}, TITLE = {Visible Speech: The Diverse Oneness of Writing Systems}, PUBLISHER = {University of Hawai'i Press}, ADDRESS = {Honolulu}, YEAR = {1989}, } @ARTICLE{eggertson2011, AUTHOR = {Eggertsson, Sveinn}, TITLE = {Human Figures in Rapanui Woodcarving}, JOURNAL = {Journal of the Polynesian Society}, YEAR = {2011}, VOLUME = {120}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {113--128}, } @ARTICLE{elkins1996a, AUTHOR = {Elkins, James}, TITLE = {On the Impossibility of Close Reading: The Case of Alexander Marshack}, JOURNAL = {Current Anthropology}, YEAR = {1996}, VOLUME = {37}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {185--226}, } @BOOK{englert1948a, AUTHOR = {Englert, Sebastian}, TITLE = {La Tierra de Hotu Matu`a: Historia, Etnología y Lengua de la Isla de Pascua [The Land of Hotu Matu`a: History, Ethnology, and Language of Easter Island]}, PUBLISHER = {Padre las Casas}, ADDRESS = {Santiago de Chile}, YEAR = {1948}, } @BOOK{englert1970a, AUTHOR = {Englert, Sebastian}, TITLE = {Island at the Center of the World: New Light on Easter Island}, PUBLISHER = {Charles Scribner's Sons}, ADDRESS = {New York}, YEAR = {1970}, } @ARTICLE{eyraud-a, AUTHOR = {Eyraud, Joseph-Eugène}, TITLE = {Lettre du F. Eugène Eyraud, de la Congrégation des Sacrés-Cœurs de Jésus et de Marie, au T.~R.~P. Supérieur général de la même Congrégation à Paris. Valparaiso, décembre 1864}, JOURNAL = {Annales de la Propagation de la Foi---Recueil Périodique des Lettres des Evêques et des Missionnaires des Missions des Deux Mondes, et de tous les Documents Relatifs aux Missions et à l'Œuvre de la Propagation de la Foi}, YEAR = {1866}, VOLUME = {38}, PAGES = {52--71, 124--138}, } @BOOK{facchetti2002a, AUTHOR = {Facchetti, Giulio M.}, TITLE = {Antropologia della scrittura: Con un'appendice sulla questione del Rongorongo dell'Isola di Pasqua}, PUBLISHER = {Arcipelago Edizioni}, ADDRESS = {Milan}, YEAR = {2002}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{fischer1993a, AUTHOR = {Fischer, Steven R.}, EDITOR = {Fischer, Steven R.}, TITLE = {A Provisional Inventory of the Inscribed Artifacts in the Three Rapanui Scripts}, BOOKTITLE = {Easter Island Studies: Contributions to the History of Rapanui in Memory of William T.~Mulloy}, SERIES = {Oxbow Monographs}, PUBLISHER = {Oxbow Books}, ADDRESS = {Oxford, UK}, YEAR = {1993}, VOLUME = {32}, } @ARTICLE{fischer1994a, AUTHOR = {Fischer, Steven R.}, TITLE = {Rapanui's `Great Old Words': E Timo Te Akoako}, JOURNAL = {Journal of the Polynesian Society}, YEAR = {1994}, VOLUME = {103}, NUMBER = {4}, PAGES = {413--443}, } @BOOK{fischer1997a, AUTHOR = {Fischer, Steven R.}, TITLE = {Rongorongo: The Easter Island Script, History, Traditions, Texts}, PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press}, ADDRESS = {Oxford}, YEAR = {1997}, } @BOOK{fischer2005a, AUTHOR = {Fischer, Steven R.}, TITLE = {Island at the End of the World: The Turbulent History of Easter Island}, PUBLISHER = {Reaktion Books}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {2005}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{fischer2013a, AUTHOR = {Fischer, Steven R.}, EDITOR = {Fischer, Steven R.}, TITLE = {Sources of the Old Rapanui Language of Easter Island}, BOOKTITLE = {Oceanic Voices---European Quills: The Early Documents on and in Chamorro and Rapanui (Colonial and Postcolonial Linguistics)}, PUBLISHER = {Academie Verlag}, ADDRESS = {Berlin}, YEAR = {2013}, PAGES = {11--23}, } @BOOK{forment1990a, EDITOR = {Forment, Francina and Esen-Baur, Heide-Margaret}, TITLE = {L'Île de Pâques: Une énigme? Bruxelles: Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire}, PUBLISHER = {Verlag Philipp von Zabern}, ADDRESS = {Bruxelles: Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire / Frankfurt am Main}, YEAR = {1990}, } @BOOK{friedrich1971a, AUTHOR = {Friedrich, Johannes}, TITLE = {Extinct Languages}, PUBLISHER = {Greenwood Press, Publishers}, ADDRESS = {Westport, Connecticut}, YEAR = {1971}, NOTE = {Translated from the German, Entzifferung verschollener Schrifton und Sprachen by Frank Gaynor}, } @BOOK{gaur1987a, AUTHOR = {Gaur, Albertine}, TITLE = {A History of Writing}, EDITION = {2}, PUBLISHER = {The British Library}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {1987}, } @BOOK{gaur1994a, AUTHOR = {Gaur, Albertine}, TITLE = {A History of Calligraphy}, PUBLISHER = {River Press / Abbeville Publishing Group}, ADDRESS = {New York}, YEAR = {1994}, } @BOOK{geiseler1995a, AUTHOR = {Geiseler, Wilhelm}, TITLE = {Die Oster-Insel (Eine Stätte prähistorischer Kultur in der Sudsee). Geiseler's Easter Island Report: An 1880s Anthropological Account. With an Introduction, Annotations and Notes, by William S.~Ayres, translated by William S.~Ayres and Gabriella S.~Ayres}, SERIES = {Asian and Pacific Archaeology series}, PUBLISHER = {University of Hawai`i at Manoa}, ADDRESS = {Honolulu}, YEAR = {1995}, VOLUME = {12}, } @BOOK{gelb1963a, AUTHOR = {Gelb, Ignace J.}, TITLE = {A Study of Writing}, EDITION = {2}, PUBLISHER = {University of Chicago Press}, ADDRESS = {Chicago, IL}, YEAR = {1963}, } @ARTICLE{gelb1975a, AUTHOR = {Gelb, Ignace J. and Whiting, R.~M.}, TITLE = {Methods of Decipherment}, JOURNAL = {Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland}, YEAR = {1975}, VOLUME = {107}, PAGES = {95--104}, } @BOOK{godart1982a, AUTHOR = {Godart, Louis and Olivier, Jean-Pierre}, TITLE = {Recueil des Inscriptions en Linéaire A}, PUBLISHER = {P.~Geuthner depositaire}, ADDRESS = {Paris}, YEAR = {1982}, VOLUME = {4}, } @ARTICLE{golson1965a, AUTHOR = {Golson, J.}, TITLE = {Thor Heyerdahl and the Prehistory of Easter Island}, JOURNAL = {Oceania}, YEAR = {1965}, VOLUME = {36}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {38--83}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{gossen1974a, AUTHOR = {Gossen, Gary H.}, EDITOR = {Hammond, Norman}, TITLE = {A Chamula Solar Calendar Board from Chiapas, Mexico}, BOOKTITLE = {Mesoamerican Archaeology: New Approaches}, PUBLISHER = {University of Texas Press}, ADDRESS = {Austin}, YEAR = {1974}, PAGES = {217--253}, } @ARTICLE{grad1976a, AUTHOR = {Gradín, Carlos J. and Aschero, Carlos A. and Aguerre, Ana M.}, TITLE = {Investigaciones Arqueológicas en la Cueva de las Manos Estancia Alto Río Pinturas (Provincia de Santa Cruz)}, JOURNAL = {Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología (Buenos Aires)}, YEAR = {1976}, VOLUME = {10}, PAGES = {201--250}, } @BOOK{gruenbaum1987a, AUTHOR = {Grünbaum, Branko and Shepherd, Geoffrey C.}, TITLE = {Tilings \& Patterns}, EDITION = {2}, PUBLISHER = {W.~H. Freeman \& Company}, ADDRESS = {New York}, YEAR = {1987}, } @ARTICLE{gusinde1922a, AUTHOR = {Gusinde, Martin}, TITLE = {Bibliografía de la Isla de Pascua, Continuación}, JOURNAL = {Publicaciones del Museo de Etnología y Antropología de Chile}, YEAR = {1922}, VOLUME = {2}, NUMBER = {3}, PAGES = {261--383}, } @ARTICLE{guy1985a, AUTHOR = {Guy, Jacques B.M.}, TITLE = {On a Fragment of the `Tahua' Tablet}, JOURNAL = {Journal of the Polynesian Society}, YEAR = {1985}, VOLUME = {94}, PAGES = {367--387}, } @ARTICLE{guy1990a, AUTHOR = {Guy, Jacques B.M.}, TITLE = {The Lunar Calendar of Tablet `Mamari'}, JOURNAL = {Journal de la Société des Océanistes}, YEAR = {1990}, VOLUME = {91}, PAGES = {135--149}, } @ARTICLE{guy1999a, AUTHOR = {Guy, Jacques B.M.}, TITLE = {Peut-on se fonder sur le témoignage de Metoro pour déchiffrer les mph{Rongo-Rongo}?}, JOURNAL = {Journal de la Société des Océanistes}, YEAR = {1999}, VOLUME = {108}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {125--132}, } @ARTICLE{guy2006a, AUTHOR = {Guy, Jacques B.M.}, TITLE = {General Properties of the mph{Rongorongo} Writing}, JOURNAL = {Rapa Nui Journal}, YEAR = {2006}, VOLUME = {20}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {53--66}, } @ARTICLE{harris2011a, AUTHOR = {Harris, Martyn and Melka, Tomi S.}, TITLE = {The mph{Rongorongo} Script: On a Listed Sequence in the mph{recto} [mph{verso}, repaired] of Tablet `Mamari'}, JOURNAL = {Journal of Quantitative Linguistics}, YEAR = {2011}, VOLUME = {18}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {122--173}, } @ARTICLE{harris2011b, AUTHOR = {Harris, Martyn and Melka, Tomi S.}, TITLE = {The mph{Rongorongo} Script: On a Listed Sequence in the mph{recto} [mph{verso}, repaired] of Tablet `Mamari' (Part II)}, JOURNAL = {Journal of Quantitative Linguistics}, YEAR = {2011}, VOLUME = {18}, NUMBER = {3}, PAGES = {234--272}, } @BOOK{harris1986a, AUTHOR = {Harris, Roy}, TITLE = {The Origin of Writing}, PUBLISHER = {University of Oxford}, ADDRESS = {Duckworth}, YEAR = {1986}, } @BOOK{harris2001a, AUTHOR = {Harris, Roy}, TITLE = {Rethinking Writing}, PUBLISHER = {Continuum}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {2001}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{heyerdahl1965a, AUTHOR = {Heyerdahl, Thor}, EDITOR = {Heyerdahl, T. and Ferdon, Jr., Edwin N.}, TITLE = {The Concept of RONGO-RONGO among the Historic Population of Easter Island. Report 16}, BOOKTITLE = {Miscellaneous Papers: Reports of the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island and East Pacific}, SERIES = {Monographs of the School of American Research and the Kon-Tiki Museum}, PUBLISHER = {Forum Publishing House}, ADDRESS = {Stockholm}, YEAR = {1965}, VOLUME = {24}, PAGES = {345--385}, } @BOOK{heyerdahl-a, AUTHOR = {Heyerdahl, Thor}, TITLE = {The Art of Easter Island. Garden City}, PUBLISHER = {Doubleday \& Company, Inc}, ADDRESS = {New York}, YEAR = {1975}, } @BOOK{heyerdahl1961, EDITOR = {Heyerdahl, Thor and Ferdon, Jr., Edwin N.}, TITLE = {Archaeology of Easter Island: Reports of the Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island and East Pacific}, SERIES = {Monographs of the School of American Research and the Museum of New Mexico}, PUBLISHER = {Forum Publishing House}, ADDRESS = {Stockholm}, YEAR = {1961}, } @BOOK{hiroa1938a, AUTHOR = {Hiroa, Rangi}, TITLE = {Ethnology of Mangareva}, SERIES = {Bishop Museum Bulletin}, PUBLISHER = {Bishop Museum Press}, ADDRESS = {Honolulu}, YEAR = {1938}, VOLUME = {157}, } @BOOK{hooper2006a, AUTHOR = {Hooper, Steven}, TITLE = {Pacific Encounters: Art \& Divinity in Polynesia 1760--1860. (Published to accompany the exhibition Pacific Encounters: Art \& Divinity in Polynesia 1760--1860, Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 21 May--13 August 2006)}, PUBLISHER = {The British Museum Press}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {2006}, } @ARTICLE{horley2007a, AUTHOR = {Horley, Paul}, TITLE = {Structural Analysis of mph{Rongorongo} Inscriptions}, JOURNAL = {Rapa Nui Journal}, YEAR = {2007}, VOLUME = {21}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {25--32}, } @ARTICLE{horley2010a, AUTHOR = {Horley, Paul}, TITLE = {mph{Rongorongo} Tablet Keiti}, JOURNAL = {Rapa Nui Journal}, YEAR = {2010}, VOLUME = {24}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {45--56}, } @ARTICLE{horley2011a, AUTHOR = {Horley, Paul}, TITLE = {Lunar Calendar in mph{Rongorongo} Texts and Rock Art of Easter Island}, JOURNAL = {Journal de la Société des Océanistes}, YEAR = {2011}, VOLUME = {132}, PAGES = {17--38}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{horley2018a, AUTHOR = {Horley, Paul and Davletshin, Albert and Wieczorek, Rafał M.}, EDITOR = {Zuzanna Jakubowska-Vorbrich}, TITLE = {How Many Scripts were there on Easter Island?}, BOOKTITLE = {The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters: Misconceptions about Easter Island in the Light of 21st Century Science}, PUBLISHER = {Museum of the History of the Polish Popular Movement and Institute of Iberian and Ibero-American Studies, University of Warsaw}, ADDRESS = {Warsaw}, YEAR = {2018}, PAGES = {323--468}, } @ARTICLE{horley2012a, AUTHOR = {Horley, Paul and Lee, Georgia}, TITLE = {Easter Island's Birdman Stones in the Collection of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology}, JOURNAL = {Rapa Nui Journal}, YEAR = {2012}, VOLUME = {26}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {5--20}, } @ARTICLE{hough1889a, AUTHOR = {Hough, Walter}, TITLE = {Notes on the Archeology and Ethnology of Easter Island}, JOURNAL = {The American Naturalist}, YEAR = {1889}, VOLUME = {23}, NUMBER = {10}, PAGES = {877--888}, } @ARTICLE{houston2004b, AUTHOR = {Houston, Stephen D.}, TITLE = {The Archaeology of Communication Technologies}, JOURNAL = {Annual Review of Anthropology}, YEAR = {2004}, VOLUME = {33}, PAGES = {223--250}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{houston2004a, AUTHOR = {Houston, Stephen D.}, EDITOR = {Houston, Stephen D.}, TITLE = {Writing in Early Mesoamerica}, BOOKTITLE = {The First Writing: Script Invention as History and Process}, PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, UK}, YEAR = {2004}, PAGES = {274--309}, } @BOOK{hunston2002a, AUTHOR = {Hunston, Susanne}, TITLE = {Corpora in Applied Linguistics}, PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, UK}, YEAR = {2002}, } @ARTICLE{hyman2006a, AUTHOR = {Hyman, Malcolm D.}, TITLE = {Of Glyphs and Glottography}, JOURNAL = {Language \& Communication}, YEAR = {2006}, VOLUME = {26}, NUMBER = {3--4}, PAGES = {231--249}, } @ARTICLE{imbelloni1951a, AUTHOR = {Imbelloni, José}, TITLE = {Las `Tabletas Parlantes' de Pascua, Monumentos de un Sistema Gráfico Indo-oceánico [The `Talking Tablets' of Easter Island, Monuments of an Indo-Oceanic Graphic System]}, JOURNAL = {Runa, Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre (Buenos Aires)}, YEAR = {1951}, VOLUME = {4}, NUMBER = {1--2}, PAGES = {89--177}, } @BOOK{jannot2005a, AUTHOR = {Jannot, Jean-René}, TRANSLATOR = {Whitehead, Dane K.}, TITLE = {Religion in Ancient Etruria}, SERIES = {Wisconsin Studies in Classics}, PUBLISHER = {University of Wisconsin Press}, ADDRESS = {Madison, Wisconsin}, YEAR = {2005}, } @BOOK{jaussen1893a, AUTHOR = {Jaussen, Florentine É.}, EDITOR = {Alazard, Rev. P.~Ildefonse}, TITLE = {L'Île de Pâques. Historique, écriture et répertoire des signes des tablettes ou bois d'hibiscus intelligents}, PUBLISHER = {Ernest Leraux}, ADDRESS = {Paris}, YEAR = {1893}, } @BOOK{jones1856a, AUTHOR = {Jones, Owen}, TITLE = {The Grammar of Ornament: Illustrated by Examples from Various Styles of Ornament}, PUBLISHER = {Day and Son}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {1856}, } @BOOK{jurafsky2018a, AUTHOR = {Jurafsky, Daniel and Martin, James H.}, TITLE = {Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition}, EDITION = {3}, YEAR = {2018}, URL = {https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/ed3 book.pdf}, } @ARTICLE{kaeppler2003a, AUTHOR = {Kaeppler, Adrienne L.}, TITLE = {Sculptures of Barkcloth and Wood from Rapa Nui: Symbolic Continuities and Polynesian Affinities}, JOURNAL = {RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics}, YEAR = {2003}, VOLUME = {44}, PAGES = {10--69}, } @BOOK{kjellgren, EDITOR = {Kjellgren, Erik}, TITLE = {Splendid Isolation: Art of Easter Island}, PUBLISHER = {The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Yale University Press}, ADDRESS = {New York/New Haven-London}, YEAR = {2001}, NOTE = {With contributions by J. A. Van Tilburg and A. L. Kaeppler}, } @ARTICLE{knoche1914a, AUTHOR = {Knoche, Walter}, TITLE = {Cráneos Marcados de la Isla de Pascua [Incised crania from Easter Island]}, JOURNAL = {Revista Chilena de Historia y Geografía (Santiago)}, YEAR = {1914}, VOLUME = {12}, NUMBER = {16}, PAGES = {344--346}, } @ARTICLE{koehler2007a, AUTHOR = {Köhler, Reinhard and Rapp, Reinhard}, TITLE = {A Psycholinguistic Application of Synergetic Linguistics.}, JOURNAL = {Glottometrics}, YEAR = {2007}, VOLUME = {15}, PAGES = {62--70}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{kotansky2019a, AUTHOR = {Kotansky, Roy D.}, EDITOR = {Frankfurter, David}, TITLE = {Textual Amulets and Writing Traditions in the Ancient World}, BOOKTITLE = {Guide to the Study of Ancient Magic}, PUBLISHER = {Koninklijke Brill NV}, ADDRESS = {Leiden / Boston}, YEAR = {2019}, PAGES = {507--554}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{kraemer2003a, AUTHOR = {Krämer, Sybille}, EDITOR = {Krämer, Sybille and Bredekamp, H.}, TITLE = {`Schriftbildlichkeit' oder: Über eine (fast) vergessene Dimension der Schrift}, BOOKTITLE = {Bild, Schrift, Zahl}, PUBLISHER = {Wilhelm Fink}, ADDRESS = {München}, YEAR = {2003}, PAGES = {157--176}, } @BOOK{krippendorff2004a, AUTHOR = {Krippendorff, Klaus}, TITLE = {Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology}, EDITION = {2}, PUBLISHER = {Sage Publications}, ADDRESS = {Thousand Oaks, California}, YEAR = {2004}, } @ARTICLE{krupa1971a, AUTHOR = {Krupa, Viktor}, TITLE = {`Moon' in the writing of Easter Island}, JOURNAL = {Oceanic Linguistics}, YEAR = {1971}, VOLUME = {10}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {1--10}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{kudrjavtsev1949a, AUTHOR = {Kudrjavtsev, Boris G.}, AUTHOR_ORIGINAL = {Кудрявцев, Борис Г.}, TITLE = {Письменность острова Пасхи [Scripts of Easter Island]}, BOOKTITLE = {Сборник музея антропологии и этнографии [Collection of the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography]}, YEAR = {1949}, VOLUME = {11}, PAGES = {175--221}, } @ARTICLE{ny2004a, AUTHOR = {Le Ny, Jean-François and Cordier, Françoise}, TITLE = {Contribution of Word Meaning and Components of Familiarity to Lexical Decision: A Study with Pseudowords Constructed from Words with Known or Unknown Meaning}, JOURNAL = {Current Psychology Letters}, YEAR = {2004}, VOLUME = {12}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {1--10}, } @ARTICLE{lee1999a, AUTHOR = {Lee, Georgia}, TITLE = {The Nutcase Chronicles}, JOURNAL = {South American Explorer Magazine}, YEAR = {1999}, VOLUME = {55}, PAGES = {14--20}, } @ARTICLE{lehmann1907a, AUTHOR = {Lehmann, Walter}, TRANSLATOR = {{R. P. Théophané Calmes (des Sacrés Cœurs de Picpus)}}, TITLE = {Essai d'une monographie bibliographique sur l'île de Pâques}, JOURNAL = {Anthropos}, YEAR = {1907}, VOLUME = {2}, PAGES = {141--151, 257--268}, } @BOOK{leli2010a, AUTHOR = {Lelièvre, F. and Pothier, L. and Conciatori, C. and Poussart, A. and Major, E.}, TITLE = {Easter Island: An Epic Voyage}, PUBLISHER = {Pointe-à-Callière}, ADDRESS = {Montréal}, YEAR = {2010}, } @BOOK{lewis1972a, AUTHOR = {Lewis, David}, TITLE = {We, the Navigators---Ancient Art of Landfinding}, PUBLISHER = {University of Hawai`i Press}, ADDRESS = {Honolulu}, YEAR = {1972}, NOTE = {Foreword by S.~H. Riesenberg}, } @BOOK{liller1993a, AUTHOR = {Liller, William}, TITLE = {The Ancient Solar Observatories of Rapanui: The Archaeoastronomy of Easter Island (The Easter Island Series)}, PUBLISHER = {Easter Island Foundation / Cloud Mountain Press}, ADDRESS = {Woodland, California}, YEAR = {1993}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{macri1996a, AUTHOR = {Macri, Martha J.}, EDITOR = {Daniels, Peter T. and Bright, William}, TITLE = {mph{RongoRongo} of Easter Island}, BOOKTITLE = {The World's Writing Systems}, PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press}, ADDRESS = {Oxford, NY}, YEAR = {1996}, PAGES = {183--188}, } @BOOK{magli2009a, AUTHOR = {Magli, Giulio}, TITLE = {Mysteries and Discoveries of Archaeoastronomy: From Giza to Easter Island}, PUBLISHER = {Copernicus Books / Springer Science + Business Media: in association with Praxis Pub}, ADDRESS = {New York}, YEAR = {2009}, } @BOOK{maiani1996a, EDITOR = {Maiani, Margherita and Quer, Soizic}, TRANSLATOR = {Visigalli, Egle Barone and Puaux, Olivier}, TITLE = {Voyage vers l'île mystérieuse. De la Polynésie à l'île de Pâques, 20 Avril–15 Septembre 1996. Musée d'Aquitaine, Bordeaux, Mairie de Bordeaux}, PUBLISHER = {Amilcare Pizzi Editore}, ADDRESS = {Milan}, YEAR = {1996}, } @BOOK{massarelli2014a, AUTHOR = {Massarelli, Ricardo}, TITLE = {I Testi Etruschi su Piombo [The Etruscan Texts (appearing) on Lead]}, SERIES = {Biblioteca di Studi Etruschi}, PUBLISHER = {Fabrizio Serra editore}, ADDRESS = {Pisa / Roma}, YEAR = {2014}, VOLUME = {53}, } @BOOK{maziere1968, AUTHOR = {Mazière, Francis}, TRANSLATOR = {Wm. Collins Sons}, TITLE = {Mysteries of Easter Island}, PUBLISHER = {W.~W. Norton, Company, Inc. With photographs by the author. Originally published as mph{Fantastique île de Pâques: Des yeux regardent les étoiles...}, Robert Laffont, 1965}, ADDRESS = {New York}, YEAR = {1968}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{mccall2010a, AUTHOR = {McCall, Grant}, EDITOR = {Job, Sebastian and Connor, Linda}, TITLE = {The End of the World at the End of the Earth: Retrospective Eschatology on Rapanui (Easter Island)}, BOOKTITLE = {Online Proceedings of the Symposium “Anthropology and the Ends of Worlds”}, SERIES = {Sydney Anthropology Symposium Series}, PUBLISHER = {University of Sydney}, ADDRESS = {Sydney}, YEAR = {2010}, VOLUME = {1}, PAGES = {45--53}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{mccoy1979a, AUTHOR = {McCoy, Patrick}, EDITOR = {Jennings, Jesse D.}, TITLE = {Easter Island}, BOOKTITLE = {The Prehistory of Polynesia}, PUBLISHER = {Harvard University Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge, MA / London, England}, YEAR = {1979}, PAGES = {135--147}, } @BOOK{mcenery2001a, AUTHOR = {McEnery, Tony and Wilson, Anthony}, TITLE = {Corpus Linguistics}, EDITION = {2}, SERIES = {Edinburgh Textbooks in Empirical Linguistics}, PUBLISHER = {Edinburgh University Press}, ADDRESS = {Edinburgh, UK}, YEAR = {2001}, } @BOOK{meinicke1875a, AUTHOR = {Meinicke, Carl Eduard}, TITLE = {Die Inseln des Stillen Oceans, eine geographische Monographie. Zweiter Theil. Polynesien und Mikronesien}, PUBLISHER = {Frohberg}, ADDRESS = {Leipzig}, YEAR = {1875}, } @UNPUBLISHED{melka2007a, AUTHOR = {Melka, Tomi S.}, TITLE = {Structural and Distributional Analysis of the mph{rongorongo} Text in Tablet `Mamari'}, YEAR = {2007}, NOTE = {Manuscript in the collection of TSM}, } @ARTICLE{melka2009a, AUTHOR = {Melka, Tomi S.}, TITLE = {The Corpus Problem in the mph{rongorongo} Studies}, JOURNAL = {Glottotheory: International Journal of Linguistics}, YEAR = {2009}, VOLUME = {2}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {111--136}, } @ARTICLE{melka2013, AUTHOR = {Melka, Tomi S.}, TITLE = {‘Harmonic'-like structures in the mph{rongorongo} script}, JOURNAL = {Glottotheory: International Journal of Linguistics}, YEAR = {2013}, VOLUME = {4}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {115--139}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{melka2014a, AUTHOR = {Melka, Tomi S.}, EDITOR = {Altmann, Gabriel and Čech, Radek and Mačutek, Ján and Uhliřová, Ludmila}, TITLE = {Palindrome-like Structures in the mph{rongorongo} Script}, BOOKTITLE = {Empirical Approaches to Text and Language Analysis, Dedicated to Luděk Hřebiček on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday}, SERIES = {Studies in Quantitative Linguistics}, PUBLISHER = {RAM-Verlag}, ADDRESS = {Lüdenscheid, Germany}, YEAR = {2014}, VOLUME = {17}, PAGES = {153--181}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{melka2016a, AUTHOR = {Melka, Tomi S.}, EDITOR = {Conrich, Ian and Mückler, Hermann}, TITLE = {Distinctive Sequences in mph{rongorongo} Texts}, BOOKTITLE = {Easter Island: Cultural and Historical Perspectives}, PUBLISHER = {Frank \& Timme}, ADDRESS = {Berlin}, YEAR = {2016}, PAGES = {217--236}, } @UNPUBLISHED{melka2020a, AUTHOR = {Melka, Tomi S.}, TITLE = {A Developmental Continuum for the mph{rongorongo} Script of Easter Island. Part~I}, YEAR = {2017}, NOTE = {Manuscript in the Collection of TSM}, } @ARTICLE{melka-a, AUTHOR = {Melka, Tomi S. and Schoch, Robert M.}, TITLE = {Exploring a Mysterious Tablet from Easter Island: The Issues of Authenticity and Falsifiability in mph{rongorongo} Studies}, JOURNAL = {Cryptologia}, YEAR = {2020}, VOLUME = {44}, NUMBER = {6}, PAGES = {481--544}, } @UNPUBLISHED{melka-b, AUTHOR = {Melka, Tomi S. and Schoch, Robert M.}, TITLE = {The Quest for Information Retrieval: An Inscribed Relic from Ancient Rapa Nui (Easter Island)}, YEAR = {2020}, NOTE = {Manuscript in the Collections of RMS and TSM}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{meller2007a, AUTHOR = {Meller, Harald}, EDITOR = {Fagan, Brian}, TITLE = {The Nebra Sky Disc: The Oldest Representation of Heavens}, BOOKTITLE = {Discovery! Unearthing the New Treasures of Archaeology}, PUBLISHER = {Thames \& Hudson}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {2007}, PAGES = {188--189}, } @BOOK{m1940a, AUTHOR = {Métraux, Alfred}, TITLE = {Ethnology of Easter Island}, SERIES = {Bishop Museum Bulletin}, PUBLISHER = {Bernice P.~Bishop Museum Press}, ADDRESS = {Honolulu}, YEAR = {1940}, VOLUME = {160}, } @BOOK{m1957a, AUTHOR = {Métraux, Alfred}, TRANSLATOR = {Michael Bullock}, TITLE = {Easter Island: A Stone-age Civilization of the Pacific}, PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press}, ADDRESS = {New York}, YEAR = {1957}, } @BOOK{michelot1979a, AUTHOR = {Michelot, Paul and Michelot, Jean-Claude}, TITLE = {L'Ile de Pâques démystifiée}, PUBLISHER = {Librairie Académique Perrin}, ADDRESS = {Paris}, YEAR = {1979}, } @BOOK{moorhouse1946a, AUTHOR = {Moorhouse, Alfred C.}, TITLE = {Writing and the Alphabet}, SERIES = {Past and Present Studies in the History of Civilisation}, PUBLISHER = {Cobbett Press}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {1946}, VOLUME = {III}, } @BOOK{mordo2002a, AUTHOR = {Mordo, Carlos}, TRANSLATOR = {Graciela Smith}, TITLE = {Easter Island}, PUBLISHER = {Firefly Books / David Bateman Ltd}, ADDRESS = {Auckland, New Zealand}, YEAR = {2002}, } @BOOK{nmnh2014a, AUTHOR = {{NMNH, Smithsonian}}, TITLE = {Gourd Vessels}, SERIES = {Department of Anthropology Collections}, PUBLISHER = {National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian}, ADDRESS = {Washington, DC}, YEAR = {2014}, NOTE = {Cat. No. E129756, E129757, E129758}, URL = {http://collections.nmnh.si.edu/search/anth/}, } @BOOK{ojeda1947, AUTHOR = {Ojeda, Carlos Charlin}, TITLE = {Geo-etimología de la ISLA de PASCUA [Geological etymology of EASTER ISLAND]}, PUBLISHER = {Instituto Geográfico Militar}, ADDRESS = {Santiago de Chile}, YEAR = {1947}, } @BOOK{orliac2008a, AUTHOR = {Orliac, Michel and Orliac, Catherine}, TITLE = {Trésors de l'île de Pâques / Treasures of Easter Island}, SERIES = {Collection de la Congrégation des Sacrés-Cœurs de Jésus et de Marie SS.~CC}, PUBLISHER = {Frédéric Dawance / Paris: Louise Leiris}, ADDRESS = {Genève}, YEAR = {2008}, } @BOOK{page2004a, AUTHOR = {Page, Sophie}, TITLE = {Magic in Medieval Manuscripts}, PUBLISHER = {University of Toronto Press}, ADDRESS = {Toronto and Buffalo}, YEAR = {2004}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{palmer1876a, AUTHOR = {Palmer, John Linton}, TITLE = {On Some Tablets Found in Easter Island}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool}, YEAR = {1876}, VOLUME = {30}, PAGES = {255--263}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{mueller1992a, AUTHOR = {Polo Müller, Regina}, EDITOR = {Vidal, Lux and Pessis, Anne-Marie and Guidon, Niéde and Ribeiro, Berta and Hussak van Velthem, Lucia and Langdon, Jean and Lopes da Silva, Aracy and Farias, Agenor T.~P. and Andrade, Lucia and others}, TITLE = {Mensagens visuais na ornamentaçāo corporal Xavante [Visual messages in the body decoration of Xavante]}, BOOKTITLE = {Grafismo Indígena: Estudos en Antropologia Estética}, PUBLISHER = {Studio Nobel / Editora da Universidade de Sāo Paulo / FAPESP}, ADDRESS = {Sāo Paulo}, YEAR = {1992}, PAGES = {133--143}, } @ARTICLE{pozdniakov1996a, AUTHOR = {Pozdniakov, Konstantin}, TITLE = {Les bases du déchiffrement de l'écriture de l'île de Pâques}, JOURNAL = {Journal de la Société des Océanistes}, YEAR = {1996}, VOLUME = {103}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {289--303}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{pulgram1976a, AUTHOR = {Pulgram, Ernst}, EDITOR = {Haas, William}, TITLE = {The Typologies of Writing Systems}, BOOKTITLE = {Writing without Letters}, SERIES = {Mont Follick Series}, PUBLISHER = {Manchester University Press / Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman \& Littlefield}, ADDRESS = {Manchester}, YEAR = {1976}, VOLUME = {4}, PAGES = {1--29}, } @BOOK{roberts2006a, AUTHOR = {Roberts, Mere and Weko, Frank and Clarke, Liliana}, TITLE = {Maramataka: The Māori Moon Calendar}, PUBLISHER = {Lincoln University}, ADDRESS = {Canterbury, NZ}, YEAR = {2006}, NOTE = {Research Report 283. Matauranga Māori and Bio Protection Research Team National Centre for Advanced Bio-Protection Technologies}, } @BOOK{robinson2002a, AUTHOR = {Robinson, Andrew}, TITLE = {Lost Languages: The Enigma of the World's Undeciphered Scripts}, PUBLISHER = {BVA / New York: McGraw-Hill}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {2002}, } @BOOK{rogers2005a, AUTHOR = {Rogers, Henry}, TITLE = {Writing Systems: A Linguistic Approach}, PUBLISHER = {Blackwell Publishing}, ADDRESS = {Malden, MA / Oxford, UK}, YEAR = {2005}, } @ARTICLE{ross1940a, AUTHOR = {Ross, Alan S.C.}, TITLE = {The Easter Island Tablet Atua-Mata-Riri}, JOURNAL = {Journal of the Polynesian Society}, YEAR = {1940}, VOLUME = {49}, NUMBER = {196}, PAGES = {556--563}, } @BOOK{routledge1919a, AUTHOR = {Routledge, Katherine}, TITLE = {The Mystery of Easter Island. The Story of an Expedition}, PUBLISHER = {Hazell, Watson and Viney, LD}, ADDRESS = {London and Aylesbury}, YEAR = {1919}, } @BOOK{sampson1985a, AUTHOR = {Sampson, Geoffrey}, TITLE = {Writing Systems: A Linguistic Introduction}, PUBLISHER = {Hutchinson \& Co}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {1985}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{schmandt-besserat1994a, AUTHOR = {Schmandt-Besserat, Denise}, EDITOR = {Watt, W.C.}, TITLE = {Forerunners of Writing: The Social Implications}, BOOKTITLE = {Writing Systems and Cognition: Perspectives from Psychology, Physiology, Linguistics, and Semiotics}, SERIES = {Neuropsychology and Cognition}, PUBLISHER = {Kluwer Academic Publishers}, ADDRESS = {Dordrecht / Boston / London}, YEAR = {1994}, VOLUME = {6}, PAGES = {303--310}, } @ARTICLE{schoch2019a, AUTHOR = {Schoch, Robert M. and Melka, Tomi S.}, TITLE = {The mph{Raŋitoki} (Rangitoki) Bark-cloth Piece: A Newly Recognized mph{rongorongo} Fragment from Easter Island}, JOURNAL = {Asian and African Studies (Bratislava)}, YEAR = {2019}, VOLUME = {28}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {pp.~113--148 and 413--417}, } @UNPUBLISHED{schoch-2020b, AUTHOR = {Schoch, Robert M. and Melka, Tomi S.}, TITLE = {A ‘Sacred Amulet from Easter \mbox{Island---1885/6---':} Analyzing Enigmatic Glyphic Characters in the Context of the mph{rongorongo} Script}, YEAR = {2020}, NOTE = {Poster session presented on 17 June 2020 at the conference Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century (\url{https://grafematik2020.sciencesconf.org/}). Poster of eight pages available for download from \url{http://www.fluxus-editions.fr/grafematik2020-files/schoch-slides.pdf} (visited on 27 June 2020)}, } @ARTICLE{schoch-a, AUTHOR = {Schoch, Robert M. and Melka, Tomi S.}, TITLE = {The mph{Raŋitoki} (Rangitoki) Fragment: Further Analysis of a Short mph{rongorongo} Sequence on Bark-cloth from Easter Island}, JOURNAL = {Asian and African Studies (Bratislava)}, YEAR = {2020}, VOLUME = {29}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {pp.~26--41 and 113--118}, } @ARTICLE{schomaker2004a, AUTHOR = {Schomaker, Lambert and Bulacu, Marius}, TITLE = {Automatic Writer Identification Using Connected-Component Contours and Edge-Based Features of Upper-Case Western Script}, JOURNAL = {IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence}, YEAR = {2004}, VOLUME = {26}, NUMBER = {6}, PAGES = {787--798}, } @BOOK{sproat2000a, AUTHOR = {Sproat, Richard W.}, TITLE = {A Computational Theory of Writing Systems}, PUBLISHER = {Cambridge University Press}, ADDRESS = {Cambridge}, YEAR = {2000}, } @UNPUBLISHED{sproat2003, AUTHOR = {Sproat, Richard W.}, TITLE = {Approximate String Matches in the RR Corpus}, YEAR = {2003}, URL = {http://serrano.ai.uiuc.edu/rws/ror/}, } @UNPUBLISHED{sproat2007a, AUTHOR = {Sproat, Richard W.}, TITLE = {LSA 369: mph{Rongorongo}}, YEAR = {2007}, URL = {http://catarina.ai.uiuc.edu/LSA07/rongorongo.html}, } @BOOK{sproat2010a, AUTHOR = {Sproat, Richard W.}, TITLE = {Language, Technology, and Society}, PUBLISHER = {Oxford University Press.}, ADDRESS = {Oxford and New York}, YEAR = {2010}, } @UNPUBLISHED{sproat2013a, AUTHOR = {Sproat, Richard W.}, TITLE = {Corpora and Statistical Analysis of Non-Linguistic Symbol Systems}, YEAR = {2013}, URL = {http://rws.xoba.com/monograph.pdf}, } @ARTICLE{sproat2014a, AUTHOR = {Sproat, Richard W.}, TITLE = {A Statistical Comparison of Written Language and Nonlinguistic Symbol Systems}, JOURNAL = {Language}, YEAR = {2014}, VOLUME = {90}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {457--481}, } @ARTICLE{stimson1928a, AUTHOR = {Stimson, Frank J.}, TITLE = {Tahitian Names for the Nights of the Moon}, JOURNAL = {Journal of the Polynesian Society}, YEAR = {1928}, VOLUME = {37}, NUMBER = {147}, PAGES = {326--337}, } @UNPUBLISHED{tacitus-a, AUTHOR = {Tacitus, P.~Cornelius}, TITLE = {Agricola (De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae)}, YEAR = {ca.\ 98 CE}, NOTE = {in: Book 1. 30. \url{https://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/tac/ag01030.htm}}, } @ARTICLE{tambiah1968a, AUTHOR = {Tambiah, Stanley J.}, TITLE = {The Magical Power of Words}, JOURNAL = {MAN (The Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland)}, YEAR = {1968}, VOLUME = {3}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {175--208}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{thomson1891a, AUTHOR = {Thomson, William J.}, TITLE = {Te Pito te Henua, or Easter Island}, BOOKTITLE = {Annual Reports of the Smithsonian Institution for 1889}, PUBLISHER = {Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum}, ADDRESS = {Washington}, YEAR = {1891}, PAGES = {447--552}, NOTE = {Report of the United States National Museum for the Year Ending June 30, 1889}, } @BOOK{tilley1991a, AUTHOR = {Tilley, Christopher}, TITLE = {Material Culture and Text: The Art of Ambiguity}, PUBLISHER = {Routledge}, ADDRESS = {London and New York}, YEAR = {1991}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{tuldava2005a, AUTHOR = {Tuldava, Juhan}, EDITOR = {Köhler, R. and Altmann, G. and Piotrowski, R.G.}, TITLE = {Stylistics, Author Identification}, BOOKTITLE = {Quantitative Linguistik / Quantitative Linguistics: Ein internationales Handbuch / An International Handbook}, PUBLISHER = {Walter de Gruyter}, ADDRESS = {Berlin / New York}, YEAR = {2005}, PAGES = {368--387}, } @BOOK{van1979a, AUTHOR = {van~Hoorebeeck, Albert}, TITLE = {La Vérité sur l'île de Pâques}, PUBLISHER = {Pierrette d'Antoine}, ADDRESS = {Le Havre}, YEAR = {1979}, } @BOOK{van1979b, AUTHOR = {van~Rijsbergen, Cornelis J.}, TITLE = {Information Retrieval}, EDITION = {2}, PUBLISHER = {Butterworths}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {1979}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{vogler1989, AUTHOR = {Vogler, Erika}, EDITOR = {Esen-Baur, Heide-Margaret}, TITLE = {Die Europäer entdecken die Osterinsel}, BOOKTITLE = {1500 Jahre Kultur der Osterinsel: Schätze aus dem Land des Hotu Matua}, PUBLISHER = {Philipp von Zabern}, ADDRESS = {Mainz}, YEAR = {1989}, PAGES = {53--79}, } @BOOK{von-a, AUTHOR = {von~Kotzebue, Otto}, TITLE = {Entdeckungsreiſe in die Südsee und nach der Berings-Straße zur Erforſchung einer nordöſtlichen Durchfahrt. Unternommen in den Jahren 1815, 1816, 1817 und 1818 auf Koſten Sr. Erlaucht des Herrn Reichskanzlers Grafen Rumanzoff auf dem Schiffe Rurick unter dem Befehle des Lieutenants der Ruſſiſch-kaiſerlichen Marine}, PUBLISHER = {Kaulfuß und Krammer}, ADDRESS = {Wien}, YEAR = {1825}, } @ARTICLE{wallin2001a, AUTHOR = {Wallin, Paul and Martinsson-Wallin, Helene}, TITLE = {The `Fish' for the Gods}, JOURNAL = {Rapa Nui Journal}, YEAR = {2001}, VOLUME = {15}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {7--10}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{wang2010a, AUTHOR = {Wang, James Z. and Ge, Weina and Snow, Dean R. and Mitra, Prasenjit and Lee Giles, C.}, TITLE = {Determining the Sexual Identities of Prehistoric Cave Artists Using Digitized Handprints: A Machine Learning Approach}, BOOKTITLE = {Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Multimedia, Firenze, Italy, October 25--29, 2010}, YEAR = {2010}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{wang2007a, AUTHOR = {Wang, Tao}, EDITOR = {Fagan, Brian}, TITLE = {Ancient Writing: China's `Dead Sea Scrolls'}, BOOKTITLE = {Discovery! Unearthing the New Treasures of Archaeology}, PUBLISHER = {Thames \& Hudson}, ADDRESS = {London}, YEAR = {2007}, PAGES = {240--241}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{waterfield2006, AUTHOR = {Waterfield, Hermione}, EDITOR = {Hermione Waterfield and King, J. C. H.}, TITLE = {Harry Geoffrey Beasley, 18 December 1881 to 24 February 1939}, BOOKTITLE = {Provenance: Twelve Collectors of Ethnographic Art in England, 1760--1990}, PUBLISHER = {Somogy Art Publishers}, ADDRESS = {Geneva}, YEAR = {2006}, PAGES = {78--91}, } @ARTICLE{wettler2005a, AUTHOR = {Wettler, Manfred and Rapp, Reinhard and Sedlmeier, Peter}, TITLE = {Free Word Associations Correspond to Contiguities between Words in Texts}, JOURNAL = {Journal of Quantitative Linguistics}, YEAR = {2005}, VOLUME = {12}, NUMBER = {2}, PAGES = {111--122}, } @UNPUBLISHED{wieczorek2013a, AUTHOR = {Wieczorek, Rafał M.}, TITLE = {Naming the mph{rongorongo} Artifacts}, YEAR = {2013}, NOTE = {Manuscript in the collection of TSM}, } @INPROCEEDINGS{wieczorek2016b, AUTHOR = {Wieczorek, Rafał M.}, EDITOR = {Conrich, Ian and Mückler, Hermann}, TITLE = {mph{Rongorongo} tablet Keiti: Does it Contain Astronomical Instructions?}, BOOKTITLE = {Rapa Nui---Easter Island: Cultural and Historical Perspectives}, PUBLISHER = {Frank \& Timme}, ADDRESS = {Berlin}, YEAR = {2016}, PAGES = {183--200}, } @ARTICLE{wieczorek2016a, AUTHOR = {Wieczorek, Rafał M.}, TITLE = {Two Unusual mph{moko} Figurines from the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem}, JOURNAL = {Rapa Nui Journal}, YEAR = {2016}, VOLUME = {30}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {13--18}, } @ARTICLE{wieczorek2015a, AUTHOR = {Wieczorek, Rafał M. and Horley, Paul}, TITLE = {The Replicas of mph{rongorongo} Objects in the Musée du Quai Branly (Paris)}, JOURNAL = {Journal de la Société des Océanistes}, YEAR = {2015}, VOLUME = {140}, NUMBER = {1}, PAGES = {123--142}, } @ARTICLE{williams1928a, AUTHOR = {Williams, H.W.}, TITLE = {The Nights of the Moon}, JOURNAL = {The Journal of Polynesian Society}, YEAR = {1928}, VOLUME = {37}, NUMBER = {147}, PAGES = {338--356}, } @BOOK{winn1981a, AUTHOR = {Winn, Shan M.}, TITLE = {Pre-Writing in Southeastern Europe: The Sign System of the Vinča Culture, ca.\ 4000 BC}, PUBLISHER = {Western Publishers}, ADDRESS = {Calgary}, YEAR = {1981}, } Robert M. Schoch & Tomi S. Melka (2020), “A “Sacred Amulet from Easter Island—1885/6—”. Analyzing Enigmatic Glyphic Characters in the Context of the rongorongo Script,” in Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2020 (Yannis Haralambous, Ed.), Grapholinguistics and Its Applications, Vol. 5, Brest: Fluxus Editions, 847–903. @INPROCEEDINGS{gla5-scho, AUTHOR = {Robert M. Schoch and Tomi S. Melka}, EDITOR = {Haralambous, Yannis}, TITLE = {{A~“Sacred Amulet from Easter Island---1885/6---”. Analyzing Enigmatic Glyphic Characters in the Context of the \‍emph{rongorongo} Script}}, BOOKTITLE = {{Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2020}}, SERIES = {{Grapholinguistics and Its Applications}}, VOLUME = {5}, PUBLISHER = {Fluxus Editions}, ADDRESS = {Brest}, YEAR = {2020}, PAGES = {847--903}, DOI = {https://doi.org/10.36824/2020-graf-scho}, }